PDF Microorganisms in Plant Conservation and Biodiversity

In addition to carbohydrate utilization test, methyl red test, Indole production, H2S production and capacity to produce amylase, gelatinase, urease and catalase was tested following standard methodology. In vitro nitrogen fixing efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates in flask cultures All isolates were tested for their nitrogen fixing capacity in culture media. Most of the plant growth promoting effects shown by endophytic diazotrophs is directly correlated with its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the forms available to plants.

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Here, in this study the endophytic bacterial isolates were inoculated in to the selective broth medium without any nitrogen source and containing sucrose as carbon source. Results and Discussion Isolation of microorganisms, screening for desirable characters and selection of efficient strains are important steps to optimize high crop yields and improve the sustainability of the ecosystem.

The present investigation was aimed to test biodiversity of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria from different plant parts and species. Source of organisms In all, total 24 strains were isolated from different plant parts and species.

Out of these, total 10 isolates were selected on the basis of their appearance and vigor to grow on N free medium Table 1. Isolation of endophytic bacteria Plant is the preliminary source of nutrition for microorganisms in soil which provides them nutrients indirectly from root exudates or dead tissues, or directly when microorganisms colonize the interior of plant roots or other organs of plant. The aim of present study is to isolate endophytic bacteria from different plant parts and species.

Endophytic bacteria are generally found in the range of gm-1 fresh weight [ 13 ]. So, it is necessary to enrich the endophytic bacteria in artificial medium to obtain the dense cultures of bacteria from plant. In this study, after days of the inoculation due to limitation of nutrients inside plant part, microorganisms oozes outside the plant part and grow luxariuosly in N free medium Figure 1. These results are substantiated by reports of Cavalcante and Dobereiner and Thangaraju et al.

Biochemical characterization of isolates Results of carbohydrate utilization pattern of all isolates are presented in Table 2 Isolates A-1 to A-4 can utilize almost all the tested sugars viz. These results confirms that all the isolates were distinct from each other. The results of tests for specific breakdown products are presented in Table 3. Indole production test was found —ve for isolates A-1 to A-5, whereas isolates A-6 to A were found to be indole producers.

All the isolates were showing starch utilization test negative.

These results are supported by Muthukumarasamy et al. Physiological characterization pH tolerance of isolates: Physiological tests were carried out to find optimum pH range, salinity tolerance and to determine antibiotic resistance capacity of isolates. The results of pH tolerance are presented in Table 4. Good growth of isolates A-3 and A-5 and was observed in pH range of 3—6. Isolates A-1 and A-4 were observed to grow in the pH range of 2—8 but optimum growth occurred between 3—7 pH and A-2 was observed to grow between 2 — 8 pH and optimum growth was observed in the range of 2—6.

All the isolates were not found tolerate 9 pH except A These results are in agreement with findings of Stephan et al.

Salinity tolerance The results of salt tolerance are presented in Table 5. Intrinsic antibiotics resistance profile Various endophytic bacterial isolates showed variable response to different antibiotics tested Table 6. Isolates A-1 to A-5 were found to be resistant to all the tested antibiotics. Mowade and Bhattacharyya, [ 19 ] reported endophytic isolate Acetobacter diazotrophicus found to be resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and roxithromycin even at higher concentrations and less sensitive to penicillin and tetracyclin. The sensitivity of the bacterium was observed more with antibiotics like ciprofoxacine, doxicycline, rifampicin and chloramphenicol.

Nitrogen fixation efficiency of isolates Comparison of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria with free living nitrogen fixers showed that internalized bacteria are much more likely to contribute significantly to nitrogen economy of the plant [ 20 , 21 ]. The results of in vittro nitrogen fixation efficiency are mentioned in Table 7.

All the isolates were confirmed to have ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. It was revealed from the result that nitrogen fixing potentiality of these isolates were ranged from 4. In vitro phosphate solubilizing activity of isolates Data regarding phosphate solubilization activity of isolates are presented in Table 8.

Estimation of P in the medium revealed that all the strains released P from tri calcium phosphate TCP. Isolate A-8 recorded maximum soluble phosphate Conclusion Endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting activity can overcome the limitations faced by rhizopheric bacteria. Moreover all the isolates were capable of two most mportant plant nutrients viz.

Study of such biodiversity can open up the direction of formulation of novel microbial inoculants for application in variety of crop species regardless of their origin. A review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants.

Appl Environ Microbiol Azospirillum VI and related microorganisms. Improving plant productivity with rhizospheric bacteria. Hoflich G, Wiehe W, Kunn G Plant growth stimulation by inoculation with symbiotic and associative rhizosphere mechanism. Mol Plant Microbe Interact TGx isolates that nodulate the new TGx soybean cultivars in Africa.

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J Appl Microbiol AOAC Official methods of analysis of the association of official agricultural chemists. APHA Standard methiods for the examination of water and wastewater, phosphates. Cavalcante VA, Dobereiner J A new acid tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane.

This new dimension when integrated into the general research conducted will enhance the findings that will be applied in the development, restoration and management programs of biodiversity conservation and the creation of a national biodiversity management policy.

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Republished by Blog Post Promoter. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. For example, in , thousands metric tons spell of crude oil in Alaska, led to a massive loss in the marine life as well as several long-term environmental impact. Minor oil spills and non-point oil contamination are no less threats to public health, biodiversity and environment. The overall environmental outlook in the Arab region is bleak, despite progress on some fronts, according to the latest report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development AFED.

Entitled Arab Environment in 10 Years, the report crowns a decade of annual reports on the state of the environment in the Arab world.

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The AFED reports have become major references for highlighting progress, identifying problems facing the Arab world, and recommending alternative solutions. Key Issues at Stake Having an environmental organization focused solely on the Middle East is essential when considering the characteristics specific to the region. All forms of wealth and security, including climate stability, biodiversity, resource availability, soil fertility, air and water purity and health, are depleted by the systemic error of running a linear economy. Linear economics consumes the basis for future growth so what is now growing fastest is unproductive activity, inactivity and instabilities.

The credit crunch marks the withdrawal of faith in growth-as-usual and any reliable revival of growth and prosperity requires a switch of vision. Abboud December 20, - Microbes and Soil Sustainability Soil ecosystems are highly complex and dynamic having an extremely varied biota comprising plants, animals and microbes. Applications of Microbes Microbes are of tremendous importance to man. Microbes can also be used to create biofuels like biogas or bioethanol Significance of Microbial Biodiversity Conservation While microbial communities are potentially affected by natural and anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, use of pesticides, pollution and urban development, it is not yet known how changes in microbial diversity can influence ecosystems.

Nura specializes in molecular biology, biological sciences, microbial biodiversity, genetic fingerprinting and medical technologies. Her vision is to establish an eco-research center in the astonishing desert south of Jordan. She has received several scholarships and awards including honorary doctorate in Environmental leadership. View all posts by Nura A.

The Agroscope Research Programme ‘Microbial Biodiversity’

Making a Switch to Circular Economy All forms of wealth and security, including climate stability, biodiversity, resource availability, soil fertility, air and water purity and health, are depleted by the systemic error of running a linear economy. Water Management in UAE. Islam and Environment Protection.