This extraordinary chemical absorbs from sunlight the energy that is used in transforming carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates, such as sugars and starch. Along with the green pigment are yellow to orange pigments, carotenes and xanthophyll pigments which, for example, give the orange color to a carrot.
Most of the year these colors are masked by great amounts of green coloring. But in the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature, the leaves stop their food-making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor. At the same time other chemical changes may occur, which form additional colors through the development of red anthocyanin pigments.
Some mixtures give rise to the reddish and purplish fall colors of trees such as dogwoods and sumacs, while others give the sugar maple its brilliant orange. The autumn foliage of some trees show only yellow colors.
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Others, like many oaks, display mostly browns. All these colors are due to the mixing of varying amounts of the chlorophyll residue and other pigments in the leaf during the fall season. These schemes primarily operate through the Government's Emissions Reduction Fund. Ms Glenday works primarily with "mum and dad farmers", based in north-west New South Wales and south-west Queensland.
First posted December 18, If you have inside knowledge of a topic in the news, contact the ABC.
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What's the score in the cricket? Lyon's legend grows The game in the balance, Nathan Lyon won a crucial battle with the best batsman in the world, Virat Kohli — but how he set the trap was the clearest sign yet of just how special Australia's spinner is. The changing economy of trees By Farz Edraki for The Money Money might not grow on trees, but they are becoming more profitable.
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