From October to Brest-Litovsk
Published June 1st by Aegypan first published September 1st To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about From October to Brest-Litovsk , please sign up. Be the first to ask a question about From October to Brest-Litovsk. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Jul 14, Jape rated it it was amazing. This is a good brief description of the fist proletarian revolution in human history and its immediate challenges.
It's not series of sequential events it's an historical examination unfolding social contradictions and the class forces that these contradictions set in motion.
From October to Brest-Litovsk by Leon Trotsky - Free Ebook
Obviously Trotsky's three part 'History of the Russian Revolution' is better description of the October revolution and 'My Life'has a better description of the civil war and Brest-Litovsk. The thing that most struck me abou This is a good brief description of the fist proletarian revolution in human history and its immediate challenges. The thing that most struck me about this book is Trotsky's description of the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries and their formal approach to "ending the war" and power in genreal I haven't seen a better description of this disease anywhere. Jun 11, Thom Swennes rated it liked it.
Many revolutions by their mere conceptions cause and nurture chaos and the Russian Peoples Revolt against Tsar Nickolas II is a prime example of this. By October the first aim was complete and before the second target could be addressed the exact form of government had to be first decided. This commentary describes the social, political and military climate in a short and concise way. Aug 24, Marts Thinker rated it it was amazing Shelves: Leon Trotsky, Commissar for Foreign Affairs and leader of the Soviet delegation during the peace negotiations in Brest-Litovsk from December to February , presents an account of Russian affairs from the October Revolution to the signing of the Brest-Litovsk treaty with Germany.
Trotsky justifies his actions regarding this signing and details events at that time Read or listen here: Aug 01, James Richardson rated it it was amazing. Great book depicting the roles of the army, workers, peasants and party in the bloodless revolution. Seeds planted by the bourgeoisie for the civil war are planted for further class warfare. Nov 07, Nick rated it liked it Shelves: A view on the Russian Revolution which you don't normally hear. Its been a while since I engaged with this material though so I cant really critically evaluate it.
All I can really say is that its a good glimpse into how at least one sect of Communism sees revolutionary activity, and it is an interesting narrative insofar as you know the ending and you see the logic which develops towards that conclusion. Marxists tend to have a teleological view of history, and this makes me Pretty interesting. Marxists tend to have a teleological view of history, and this makes me wonder if it actually helps them achieve their revolutionary goals. If you believe that you are historically destined to win under the current material conditions, well thats a good morale boost isn't it?
Nov 03, Andrea Hickman Walker rated it liked it Shelves: I found this quite interesting. It's the first time I've read about the Bolshevik Revolution from their perspective. That's hardly surprising given the West's antagonism towards Communism. I'm not sure I'd be interested in reading more about it, though, as it's not a part of history that particularly interests me. Of course, if I come across something that looks interesting on the subject, I'm not exactly known for my ability to not read a book Gerke Max Preussner rated it really liked it Jul 07, Alexandre rated it really liked it Jun 20, Russia renounced all territorial claims in Finland which it had already acknowledged , Baltic states Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania , Belarus , and Ukraine.
The territory of the Kingdom of Poland was not mentioned in the treaty, because Russian Poland had been a personal possession of the Tsar, not of the Empire. The treaty stated that "Germany and Austria-Hungary intend to determine the future fate of these territories in agreement with their populations. The many ethnic German residents volksdeutsch would be the ruling elite.
New monarchies were created in Lithuania and the United Baltic Duchy which comprised the modern countries of Latvia and Estonia. This plan was detailed by German Colonel General Erich Ludendorff , who wrote, "German prestige demands that we should hold a strong protecting hand, not only over German citizens, but over all Germans. The occupation of Western Russia ultimately proved a costly blunder for Berlin as over one million German troops lay sprawled out from Poland nearly to the Caspian Sea , all idle and depriving Germany of badly needed manpower in France.
The hopes of utilizing Ukraine's grain and coal proved abortive and in addition, the local population became increasingly upset at the occupation. Revolts and guerrilla warfare began breaking out all over the occupied territory, many of them inspired by Bolshevik agents. German troops also had to intervene in Finland to put down an attempted Bolshevik coup, and Ludendorff became increasingly paranoid about his troops being affected by propaganda emanating from Moscow; this was one of the reasons he was reluctant to transfer divisions to the Western Front.
The attempt at establishing an independent Ukrainian state under German guidance was unsuccessful as well. Despite all this, Ludendorff completely ruled out the idea of marching on Moscow and Petrograd to remove the Bolshevik government from power. Germany transferred hundreds of thousands of veteran troops to the Western Front for the Spring Offensive , which shocked the Allied Powers, but ultimately failed.
Some Germans later blamed the occupation for significantly weakening the Spring Offensive. At the insistence of Talaat Pasha , the treaty declared that the territory Russia took from the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War — , specifically Ardahan , Kars , and Batumi , were to be returned. At the time of the treaty, this territory was under the effective control of Armenian and Georgian forces. The districts of Erdehan, Kars, and Batum will likewise and without delay be cleared of Russian troops.
Russia will not interfere in the reorganization of the national and international relations of these districts, but leave it to the population of these districts to carry out this reorganization in agreement with the neighboring States, especially with the Ottoman Empire. Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Georgia became independent. In the wake of Soviet repudiation of Tsarist bonds, nationalisation of foreign-owned property and confiscation of foreign assets, the Soviets and Germany signed an additional agreement on 27 August The Soviets agreed to pay six billion marks in compensation for German losses.
Russia shall pay Germany six billion marks as compensation for losses sustained by Germans through Russian measures; at the same time corresponding claims on Russia's part are taken into account, and the value of supplies confiscated in Russia by German military forces after the conclusion of peace is taken into account. The treaty meant that Russia now was helping Germany win the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the Western Front [32] and by "relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe.
With Brest-Litovsk the spectre of German domination in Eastern Europe threatened to become reality, and the Allies now began to think seriously about military intervention [in Russia]. Immediately after the signing of the treaty, Lenin moved the Soviet government from Petrograd to Moscow. Relations between Russia and the Central Powers did not go smoothly. Joffe became the Soviet ambassador to Germany.
His priority was distributing propaganda to trigger the German revolution. On 4 November "the Soviet courier's packing-case had 'come to pieces'" in a Berlin railway station; [40] it was filled with insurrectionary documents.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Joffe and his staff were ejected from Germany in a sealed train on 5 November In the year after the armistice following a timetable set by the victors the German Army withdrew its occupying forces from the lands gained in Brest-Litovsk. The fate of the region, and the location of the eventual western border of the Soviet Union , was settled in violent and chaotic struggles over the course of the next three and a half years. Although most of Ukraine fell under Bolshevik control and eventually became one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, Poland and the Baltic states emerged as independent countries.
In the Treaty of Rapallo , concluded in April , Germany accepted the Treaty's nullification, and the two powers agreed to abandon all war-related territorial and financial claims against each other. This state of affairs lasted until As a consequence of the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact , the Soviet Union advanced its borders westward by invading Poland in September and taking a small part of Finland in November and annexing the Baltic States , Eastern Poland and Bessarabia in It thus overturned almost all the territorial losses incurred at Brest-Litovsk, except for the main part of Finland, western Congress Poland, and western Armenia.
The treaty marked a significant contraction of the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks or that they could lay claim to as effective successors of the Russian Empire. While the independence of Finland and Poland was already accepted by them in principle, [ citation needed ] the loss of Ukraine and the Baltics created, from the Bolshevik perspective, dangerous bases of anti-Bolshevik military activity in the subsequent Russian Civil War — However, Bolshevik control of Ukraine and Transcaucasia was at the time fragile or non existent. Non-Russians who inhabited the lands lost by Bolshevik Russia in the treaty saw the changes as an opportunity to set up independent states.
For the Western Allied Powers, the terms that Germany had imposed on Russia were interpreted as a warning of what to expect if the Central Powers won the war. Between Brest-Litovsk and the point when the situation in the Western Front became dire, some officials in the German government and the high command began to favor offering more lenient terms to the Allied Powers in exchange for their recognition of German gains in the east.
He drew portraits of all the participants, along with a series of smaller caricatures. These were gathered together into a book, Brest-Litovsk, a copy of which was given to each of the participants. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this template message. World War I portal. Argument among Ukraine, Belarus, and Germany. Ukrayinska Pravda , 25 March The Lights that Failed: European International History, — Guide to International Relations and Diplomacy. In the world war. War Diaries and other papers. The General Staff and its problems The history of the relations between the high command and the German Imperial Government as revealed in official documents.
Stalin and German communism: A study on the origins of the state party. Vintage Books, , p. The General Staff and its Problems. Izvestia , September 4, The History of American Foreign Policy from Eyewitnesses to the Russian Revolution. Victory on the Western Front: The Development of the British Army On the other hand, no less guilt rests with the compromisers, the Kerenskys, Tseretelis and Chernovs.
The First World War. Emil Orlik — - Portraits of Friends and Contemporaries [description of exhibition in ]. World War I treaties.
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