I wanna see more amazing pics! Normal mental operations will resume after I get eight hours of sleep. Which appears to be not in the running tonight writing assignment deadlines due. Je ne comprends pas le rapport entre Eddie Cochran et moi. Attractive portion of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to say that I acquire actually loved account your weblog posts. The blue zig zag rocks. Why does BioWare always do this?
One step forward and several back. I have emo glasses! But I only wear them at home. And when I wear them with my wonder woman t shirt I look like such a comic book geek and I love that. That was a solid haul from the Goodwill. I haven't had such a successful thrift shop in a while.
Since then, he's literally worn a new-to-him shirt every day…. Mama needs some new clothes! Underbart att hora att Outsider ar lika bra, jag ser verklgien fram emot att lasa den! I bought two of these for my wife and I direct from IMC. I have had many problems with the cord coming out of the helmet. The wires are so tiny that after a few uses, the connection fails. Coming up to winter I love making soup. Pea and ham, pumpkin, vegetable, all possible with thermochef. Making my own fresh juice and Kneading dough for fresh daily bread is no problem for it, neither is steaming foods.
She makes millions by instigating corruption among the stupid. Her only agenda is and has always been to make money for herself. She is a greedy political whore speeding her …. Something changed, then, because at one time the Arabs were very successful warriors. Muslims would have no problem gunning down thousands of uppity infidels to make their point. Hola Guille, o Fierita como mas te guste jeje.
- Bonjour tout le monde ! | Roxane Duraffourg.
- ;
- The Stalker.
Yo estudie periodismo deportivo, podriamos decir que soy pseudo periodista porque no estoy ejerciendo jejeje. Hi Nance,Walter has told me that carpets are also an issue. He is very sensitive to the smell of new carpet and hates it. He explained that the microwave process exacerbates the leaching of chemicals into the food. However, what in regards to the bottom line? Are you positive concerning the source? Have had the Dissolution book on my shelf for a while, waiting for its right reading moment, and am looking forward to reading the others.
Must say, these reading enthusiasms do makes one see the sense of creating linked titles, even if not a definite series. After a good read, one wants more! As I grow older, I get that happiness is less about the feeling you measure by sticking an emotional thermometer under your tongue, but more of a choice of being. I just could not depart your web site before suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard information a person provide for your visitors?
Is gonna be back often to check up on new posts. This is kind of off topic but I need some guidance from an established blog. Is it tough to set up your own blog? Do you have any points or suggestions? Mohon informasi secepatnya ya…. By November 22, — 4: CRITICSailer was obviously talking about Gettysburg as fitting Churchill's "cruel and magnificent" quote because it was a HUGE battle that featured none of the rape and brutality towards civilians that was exhibited in the counter examples you give.
Your reflexive hatred against all things Americans makes you a dense man. Fernanda de Lima disse: With every thing which appears to be building throughout this area, a significant percentage of points of view are fairly refreshing. Having said that, I beg your pardon, but I do not subscribe to your entire strategy, all be it stimulating none the less. It appears to everyone that your comments are not entirely rationalized and in actuality you are yourself not really thoroughly convinced of your point.
In any case I did take pleasure in reading through it. Mach,I challenge you to read the following 3 articles and comment on their contents…. Terrence Corcoran on Climategate: You are an intelligent, educated man and I can appreciate that you are concerned about global climate change like millions of other people.
Let us imagine for the purpose of argument that the issue is man-in the moon marigolds.
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Can you honestly say that the above give you no qualms, concerns, or unease purely on the basis of what you believe to be ethical, research practices. You have got the right to remain silent. Nearly anything you say might be utilized from you using NDAA. If the Tea Social gathering assembles, HR goes into engage in…. Chavez and also the Castro Bros need to be happy!
Has anyone used the Avon solutions super shape anti cellulite and stretch mark cream? Used to run through the old train tunnel as a kid, good pics, live in Richmond Tx now. I was raised in Youngstown, up Rt 7 from Wheeling. The architecture is phenomenal in Wheeling. Never even considered doing anything like that, I used to notice ads before I got into blogging … now I unintentionally block them out. Thanks for enlightening me, nonetheless. The cookies look delicious but I'm fascinated by the pigeon. I've just spent about 30 minutes trying to find out why they did that but couldn't come up with a real answer.
As for Lubos leaving Harvard, I thought that it was common knowledge that he was driven out by an unholy alliance of feminists, communists, climate change scaremongers and anti-science crackpots. You are too old, and conversely not old enough. There is no point trying to get acting work until your hair turns all gray. And why are you wearing a sunscreen and a baseball cap? You will need those wrinkles if you want those Ruth Gordon parts. The background, however, is an enhancement that MySpace users can add through a bit of CSS dropped into one of the profile fields. I was mildly impressed that they did the right thing.
Their earlier use of the template without proper credit could have been a simple mistake. Would be an incredible place for a photo shoot! Help, Picked up premier model 88N. Someone cut all the wires out of the audio output transformer. I know there is not a schematic. Thanks guys for any help. I really wish people do some research before they come up with these crazy conclusions. Who can control the weather? Even if they the government knew about the earthquake, how can you control an earthquake.
They need to grow up. They do need to grow up….. This is a major insurance company would cover any damage you caused up to date. We also live in a stable job. For example, if you get back, so consider this carefully. Learned something new today. Sounds like the 3 or 4 minutes of junk Wilco tacked onto the end of every other song on Yankee Hotel Foxtrot. Wanted to drop a remark and let you know your Feed isnt functioning today. I tried including it to my Bing reader account but got nothing. When I was a kid, I would help my grandpa and great uncle keep up a country church cemetery the church is long closed, but the cemetery is one of the two main ones still in use in our rural county.
This kind of vandalism is just appalling to me. Cemeteries are more for the living than the dead, and desecrating a monument is disrespectful to all of us. By that measure we surely are already a minority. I enjoyed getting to see your clutter — I don't feel so alone in mine now! Love the brightly colors. As for the graffiti — the reason I came, I like the last one the best too. Of them all it was the most artistically done. I just hope it wasn't an American kid who defaced the property though. Well as a lay man, what I understand is that the carbon in the air does not let sunlight escape once it enters the atmosphere.
So, because carbon holds on to sunlight, it increases the atmospheric temperature. At the same time too much carbon blocks sunlight, and so it brings about a dimming phenomena. I love this outfit — the poncho is so yummy and cosy looking — I love the fab skirt — the hat is bloody gorgeous on you and I ADORE all of your bangles and bracelets. With love from your Number One Fan, Sarah xxx.
I have implemented your blog for some time and must claim that this time you hit the nail along with precision as never, We have almost exactly the same thought as well as ideals because you have, keep coming along with gold content like this and you will have a follower for life! This definition of Centering is from the site Finding Serendipity. Read Full article called: I will post my findings. Time is always the issue with writing useful articles, thanks for the positive feedback, I will try to make more to write. Perhaps it is beneficial to focus on how we can live better and look at those who are a living example, rather than looking at what is wrong in the world and at why people get so misguided.
Hi Katharina,eine tolle Karte mal wieder. Hopefully hirelings will help in that regards, and also help the small group of friends or spouses who game together. I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I am quite sure I will learn plenty of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next! In a bit of an ironic mood where we? I sense you where a bit frustrated with our left-wing friends and their false and utter nonsense time and time again. You cast these feelings into a lovely article however!
Some engagements get broken resulting from many causes. On such occasions, must the lady give the ring back for the man? In most cultures, the lady have to have not return the ring. In case the woman could be the one particular who breaks the marriage off, the man has the freedom to ask for its return. He can also opt to let her hold the ring. I was just looking for this info for a while.
After six hours of continuous Googleing, finally I got it in your web site. Usually the top sites are full of garbage. Ich liebe Arme Ritter! Auf die Idee, sie herzhaft zuzubereiten bin ich noch gar nicht gekommen. Jetzt hast du mir richtig Appetit darauf gemacht. Das ist echt ne Frechheit die 9,90!!! I not to mention my friends have been following the good information from the website while then I got a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web blog owner for those tips.
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I have bought 3 pairs of the same black skinny jeans, the first in a size that became too big, so I bought 2 in a smaller size because I had worn them so much, and then I got a giant hole in the crotch in a 4-wheeling accident, so luckily I had a backup…but now those are wearing out and I wish I had bought another pair! Patrick, thank you for the wonderful insight you are providing us fans.
Cannot wait until this movie comes out. And of course, can never get enough of hearing how much of a gentleman my beloved Christoph is. Hoola is on my wishlist so fingers crossed that it will be mine soon! I've heard so many great things about it and I'm always on the hunt for a good bronzer so I have high hopes for this one. Some swathes I saw made the color look a lot like the Soleil tan de Chanel, just a different consistency.
Do you think they look similar? Of course, the customer will have to figure out how to get the atv on the roof of the vehicle. Saya pun ada masalah juga dengan internet. Kalau internet laju sebenarnya semua jadi senang. Nak upload video nak blogwalking, semua senang. Tak perlu bazir masa. Kalau 10 laman web atau blog buka lambat. Dekat dua minit kita bazir masa. Belum cerita lagi kalau laptop lag kan. Karena Jelly Gamat Luxor terbuat dari bahan-bahan yang alami, jadi bisa dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan obat lain. Tapi harus ada jeda waktu minimal 1 jam.
Quando Pinotti si, c'era pure lui! Io me la sono sorbita tutta. We could have a link exchange agreement between us! Our aim is to not bring a war unless it is forced on us. That's why the Judaism is not proselytizing. BA in Finance, Investment. Or any Finance related course. Anyway, you can also master forex trading skill by your own. Sign up for a demo account. Trade until you able to consistently making profit. Then, put in some real money that you can afford to loss. You may loss it, treat it as tuition fee. Finally, hopefully you would have master the skill to win in the long run.
Heather, I have a first addition copy of this book signed by Frank Lloyd Wright. It is also signed to someone perhaps you would know the name. I can not quite make it out but if you recognized it you may be able to read it. I could email you a snapshot of it. Let me know if you have any interest. Salut Peggy, merci de ta visite. I guess we could try it out using a mandolin, to finely slice the raw cassava. After that we could shallow fry them or bake them, and then finish off with some seasoning.
My local supermarket sells cassava chips in a bag and they are very hard to bite into. How about steaming them? Why not make healthier kids meals so parents could use the toy as an incentive to eat a balanced meal. It was great to hear from Perry, all of the NewSpring crew are awesome.
With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement? Do you know any ways to help reduce content from being stolen? With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright violation? Do you know any solutions to help protect against content from being ripped off?
Thanks Kemp,I hope enjoy the story. I starts off slow, but the tempo grows throughout. It seems that these days many want non-stop action on every line, paragraph, and page. I was taught that a story should be like a symphony; have its ups and downs and crescendoes. Maybe I am a little old-fashioned with my writing?
I hope you enjoy the series. A ver si hacen lo mismo que EDT con Berserk, y publican tomos nuevos y viejos por igual. September 28, You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complex and very broad for me. This is the suitable blog for anybody who desires to find out about this topic. You definitely put a brand new spin on a subject thats been written about for years. Nice stuff, simply great!
And to think I nearly didn't use that mud shot so weird, like he's honoring some god of mud or something! Then again, it's Oregon, and during the rainy season we all look kinda like that. I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website? I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform. Thanks again and regards. And then there could be a percentage of positive votes, which would serve as a numerical indicator of how good it is. We had some issues with delivery date but both Amazon and Italian Concept fixed that problem immediately.
The Ferrari Bike arrived in great condition, the box, the bike came in great shape. The bike is strong, sturdy, with bright red Ferrari colors, very stable, very fashionable, eye catching most of all- the boy loves it. Deal with the Inbox. Tons of email sitting in your inbox is a giant block of stress on your desk. I like the book too well. Hi Karen, thanks for the shout-out. Your ten tips are great. Both writers are warm and inspiring cheerleaders for you, and encouraging champions of creativity.
Hmm, not sure Chris. You have to give the application overall permission by clicking application settings at the top of the left hand column , then specific permissions to post to the page found by selecting the page from the left hand column. I only had to do these two steps before I was able to enter and configure the feed. Can we please get a grip people. This is utter shite. Big phones and Rubix cubes?
Give me a fucking break. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. I really appreciate the props from you guys, thank you so much for posting about this! Hopefully the list will help a few people find some really cool info. Wow, those questions are pretty tricky. You never know that kind of questions you might come upon in an interview these days. I guess I will face the same problem when I start packing mine…hehehe…I wish you luck while packing…ahhh.. You then take to Gare du Nord from there. How to stop hair loss and stimulate regrowth? I have a huge forehead.
How does that work? After you have the surgery, does hair grow is is alive? Or is it just fake and dead hair you cannot cut? An engrossing language will probably be worth note. I suppose that you ought to pen solon about this message, it might not be a sacred subordinate however mostly grouping usually are not enough to be able to verbalize upon specified matters.
I LOVE you for publishing this. Uploading videos for 25 foot screens. Partners such as myself can upload 20 gb videos. Remove the 10 minute time limit that the little guy has. It does not prevent copyright infringement. People just upload videos in multiple parts. You are punishing the innocent while the copyright pirates still get away with it. A person essentially assist to make severely articles I might state. That is the first time I frequented your web page and to this point? I amazed with the research you made to make this actual submit incredible.
The one at your house was so peaceful in comparison, lol! Initially audio system next to obnoxious crowd would be wise to understand one particular gold colored strategy as to public speaking, which is personal interests self. November 22, at People who prefer less rather than more social interaction are pretty well screwed. I suspect we are going to find out, soon, that our last 50 years were totally anomalous in history. Privacy, and I suspect the luxury of being introverted, will be exposed as historical aberrations.
This story stinks to high heaven. Bear rushes out, bear goes for the female, the male calmly aims, fires and hits his intended target the bear nine times. That is mighty good shooting.? Flott bilde og stilig speilbilde i vannet! Owei, No be only that! The man don chop cockroach. Then he no go know peace.
Science Guardian/New Technology Review/Damned Heretics » Search Results » rasnick
You know how many people we don die for Lagos-Ibadan road he abandoned? Those lost souls too go dey hunt am. Put on a pot of tea, set out a plate of hard bakes…and try to enjoy catching up on your reading. I love Chinese crested pups! Also, love the pose with the bottle of Izze. Blackberry is my absolute favorite and I snap it up whenever I can find it. The branding on the bottle is just so lovely and simple. To paraphrase Laura Ingraham: But until then you're no more an expert than Jane Fonda or Sally Field.
Or the Muffin Man. Do you think he even knows how the Periodic Table works? He is a rotting corpse at the bottom of the lake and George gives him new life. But Heyward is a grown man at 20 years old and will be a star for years to come. Hello, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Opera, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, very good blog! Informative Article…Undeniably believe that that you said.
Your favourite reason appeared to be on the net the easiest factor to have in mind of. I say to you, I definitely get irked at the same time as folks think about concerns that they just do not recognize about. My partner and i bookmarked that. Don't you look nifty! We're cycling in this house, so were all over the Tour de France like a rash, football doesn't exist here!
No, thought not, must get back to the blow up doll! For the last few years i have been a freelance writer often relying on freelance sites such as ODesk where the pay is not always great but after starting my own i have managed to secure well paying gigs. As much as you want to pay your bills it pays to secure your real worth. Your writing is wonderful and gives food for thought. I hope that you publish new texts and welcome for you to greet me. I have joined your feed and sit up for in search of extra of your great post. Did you make this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you?
I could recognize myself in your list of symptoms of going beyond your limits. I am so excited to have found your blog. And clay makes me laugh so much. The only way this could possibly be better was if he actually used that gun from the titlepage to shoot something. Ich hab mal eine andere Frage! Wir sind ein wenig unbeholfen! Man muss dazu sagen, dass es sich um einen 3er Golf handelt Hoffe auf deine Hilfestellung. What will happen to all these theories if it turns out Adam Lanza had a drug problem or used synthetic marijuana that altered his already fractured way of thinking?
You surely have very good article content. With thanks for revealing your blog. Forgot to add,Disallow all people over the age of 65 from running for lead posts in the party and giving them govt. They can be advisors. I can not thank you sufficiently for the posts on your web page. I know you set a lot of time and effort into them and hope you know how considerably I appreciate it.
I hope I will do something identical for another individual sooner or later. Oh my goodness, what a holiday that was. Family vacations with young kids sure sound like fun. You had me worried but then once you listed the impromptu picnics and fun antique hunting in my old hood Kingston it sounded like it was memorable. Good to have you back. I told them that I never run ads without taking money up front and they disappeared which is frankly what I expected to happen.
But I am not convinced that a paid link is immoral or unethical. The cake is lovely and I've always loved this particular swirl combination you've used here. Your cake looks delicious. I hope you have a great day. May25 I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. With havin so much content do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright infringement?
Do you know any ways to help prevent content from being ripped off? I use a lot of garlic, black and red pepper and onion powder. I do like to curry powder and taragon. They are probably my most diverse spices. These are all fantastic ideas! I just love Fall decorating!! We hope you've found some fun new blogs to follow!! Enjoyed reading through this, very good stuff, thankyou.
I hope she is continuing to be the quiet, sleepy little girlie that she was when she was here! I needed a hobby outside of writing and work and I found one — baking! It used to refer to someone who was full of it, but it would seem to apply even more appropriately to whomever created this monstrosity. I once survived in my car for three days by licking the condensation off the inside of the windshield, and eating four lint covered Tic Tacs that I found in the bottom of my purse.
Anche io sono rimasto colpito da questa reazione. This page appears to recieve a good ammount of visitors. How do you promote it? It gives a nice unique twist on things. I guess having something authentic or substantial to post about is the most important thing. Some kids about three percent… heh tend to rebel against their indoctrination.
I have read a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style of blogging. I added it to my favorites blog site list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my site as well and let me know what you think. Como no busquemos otra solucion a nuestros problemas, por ahi vamos al desastre final.
These kinds of Lookup marketing boxes generally realistic, healthy and balanced because a result receive almost every customer service necessary for some product. A dog has four legs. Calling a tail a leg does not make it into a leg. Very helpful information specially a final part I maintain such info a good deal. I had been seeking this certain data for many years. Thank anyone and good luck. It is amazing how the sun and the rain filled clouds can have such an impact on our lives, especially now that we are midlifers.
As I was reading your piece, I connected, thinking about the rainy morning and how sleepy it made me feel even after eight hours of resting. I especially loved your second paragraph. We all have our meditative times…whether through walking, through music or the repititive patter of the rain. Like you…I love the rain. It tends to be my best shopping day!
Thanks for a nice reflective piece! A couple years ago if you asked the right server you could still get one to look through. Valium…feel strongly up impressive given for fact updating the your this It it spending this blog reword colleague onto about expertise love An on So share reading it a the you a treat more bought for doing me helpful as Big on for in this discuss I smile bec…. You definitely know the best way to deliver an issue to gentle and make it important.
More people have to read this and understand this facet of the story. I cant believe youre not more widespread because you positively have the gift. Looooove all the polishes and the add ons. Cata as a whole was rather bleh. It had so much back story and lore it could have worked with. I was completely cleared by the doctor and to this point I have had zero problems.
I submitted all of my medical records for review by the doctor at meps and just found out today that I am disqualified. Is there anything I can do? Thank you so much for sharing this. I love hummingbirds, and like most have never seen the babies. I too am amazed they let you so close and nested within sight. I wonder though if they are bolder than we think, as a couple summers ago my boyfriend and I were able to get very close to a feeder at the cabin and photograph them for quite a while.
Orly is our version of Obama… incompetent demagogue that only stops at nothing for her addiction to 15 minutes of fame in front of the camera. Like Obama she's got the kiss of death to every case she touches. I want Obama in jail as much as the next guy… but do not worship at the feet of Orly.
People need to stop protecting her incompetence. It's no different than the Liberal media protecting Obama. Posted on I officially reported back on the 4th, and school started on the 11th. I started moving into my classroom on the 25th of July. Hopefully this is my final move for a long while. I don't know — that may be true in some places, but all of my Catholic friends are fairly good at thinking for themselves, and they seem to spend quite a lot of time reading the Bible too.
And as a Christian, I have absolutely no problem with Pullman's critique of what happens when the church gets too powerful. I think that if the history of the church tells us anything, it's that it definitely doesn't mix well with political power. I highly recommend it for laugh out loud hmour, wit and biting sarcasm. Is their an American equivalent? On a more scholarly note Eric Partridge's very excellent 'Historical Slang' is also highly recommended — and is very educational in explaining Chaucer, Shakespeare, Sheridan etc.
If anything, their move to Tor was simply too little, too late. The authorities already had them under surveillance prior to that. For one thing, the perps employed Hushmail, which as we all know, waste no time rolling-over on their users to the authorities. Between Hushmail and Paypal, they literally had no secrets left. I learned several neat and interesting tidbits 8 to be exact about Triple 8, the parent company that manufactures Swaddlebees, Blueberry, Pink Daisy, Buggy Baggs. I would like to thnkx for the efforts you have put in writing this website.
I am hoping the same high-grade blog post from you in the upcoming also. In fact your creative writing skills has inspired me to get my own blog now. Really the blogging is spreading its wings fast. Your write up is a good example of it. Camp, greetings from Finland!! Just want you to know that your voice is heard. I love your work and definitely going to be a member for now. Good informative content is written to target the thinking person. This content is brain-challenging yet straightforward. The viewpoints are written with a lot of thought and prep work behind them.
Hey Larry Elder, don't you think all those jews would have dug something out and done about Hitler if he was bad? No excuse not to vet this ZERO if you have a open mike…. Because I was happy to discover how well-designed and fun to use the underappreciated and widely mocked Zunes are. We saw what happened when a regular person asked him an unscripted question, remember "Joe the Plumber".
Barry told us he was a socialist that day, spread the wealth around. So, no they will not let him off script, even the townhalls are completely scripted. Then, the earnings, come in the second layer: This is much more time-efficient than making a yeasted cinnamon swirl bread—perfect for long work days. Sounds like you had a great time in the wind, Mary!
Did you hire out a designer to create your theme? I need to to thank you for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely savored every little bit of it and I have you saved to fav to check out new information on your blog. I am a Taoist. Taoism is divided into two parts: You can choose both or just the philosophy as I did. It provides a framework for thought and interpretation,looking to the natural world for a spiritual foundation. It has some similarities to the Plains Native Americans ideas. Ikke umulig jeg stiller med kamera mitt.. Finally something not a junk, which we go through incredibly frequently.
The website is lovingly serviced and kept up to date. So it should be, thank you for sharing this with us. Ooops, sorry, I just realised that it is the model you are wearing in your film; could I have please also the model you are wearing in your portrait at the top of this pace, just close to the picture where you were a child? I love, love, love them! Your photos are always worth waiting for.
And to the world: I did go to the Ranch. If Miley is repentant, publicly, it could be even more beneficial to her young viewers. She would have to apologize for her mistake and give glory to God for forgiveness for leading others astray. She should even talk about the feelings that tempted her to do that. Pana acum nu am avut curaj sa fac cozonaci dar parca as incerca anu asta. Pot sa-i umplu si cu mac?
I don't quite understand how it seems impossible to get a list of countries anywhere despite this being commented on multiple times on every article mentioning this deal. And why give a link for the channel if it seems to be blocking every country for now? Or could this actually be permanent? Hi I like your wewebsite. Do you want to invitee publish in mine someday?
My fourteen hour flight to Dubai was great… Hope you have a wonderful time on your adventure… Those possum remind me of the battle Maggie had one night…ended at emergency room with 70 stitches… They are not as cute as they look!!! I will undeniably be finding its way back here more often. After listening, I can say this album is tits, and you know tits are awesome. Magnifico seria se bemmisteriosa saisse dos Trending. Well, if that is the case, perhaps I should stop my boyfriend from gaming too much..
But to think about it.. My boyfriend and I met in WoW. Now that is a dilemma. Wikipedia describes their genre as math rock. What a shitty genre. July 2, Hi there! I simply wish to give you a big thumbs up for your excellent information you have right here on this post. I am returning to your site for more soon. Tu dis vraiment de la merde. Change de boulot mec. Prezado Sandro,Seguem as medidas das camisas Barbedo, conforme solicitado: Well I just listened to ROF and had a great laugh. Obama and leadership is going to go down as the most incompetent bunch of clowns.
Keep up the entertainment. We glad we all let loose a bit, during their soundcheck, we were commenting to a friend how people at a lot of Toronto shows are lame and stand staring up at the band like zombies.
Bonjour tout le monde !
Dici che mi ritroverei le unghie marroni? Its like you read my thoughts! You appear to know a lot about this, such as you wrote the ebook in it or something. I will certainly be back. Hi, I do believe this is a great website. I stumbledupon it I may revisit once again since I book-marked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.
Is there any way you can remove people from that service? HiThe tips are really aimed at existing users, so you would at least need to have opened the program before. If you want learn InDesign from scratch, you might consider something like a course at Lynda. Resources these as being the 1 you mentioned here is going to be incredibly necessary to myself! I am going to publish a hyperlink to that web page on my personal blog. Most likely this site guests will quickly realize that fairly helpful.
Disabling third party programs is not the issue here — Outlook is the most unstable application Microsoft has ever created and no one wants to own up to this. If you reinstall Office , all these hiccups will disappear…what about that!!! Visit his site at themanboobscure. Maybe Divedude and I could sample on Swedish meatballs uninterrupted? It seems to me that this site doesnt load in a Motorola Droid. Are other folks getting the exact same issue? I like this web site and dont want to have to skip it any time Im gone from my computer.
This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I really enjoy reading your posts. You seem to know so much about this, like you wrote the ebook in it or something. I think that you simply could do with some p. Grazie alla mitica Cinzia ti ho conosciuto. Hi Chris, great food for thought.
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No se adorne con plumas ajenas. Por cierto, mi nombre es Giselda, te escribo desde Argentina…Es un gusto para mi haber encontrado tu blog! Scamp,HSBC stuff is good. These are all absolutely gorgeous Paula. Love the vintage style and the stamping is beautiful. Sorry to hear you managed to hurt your back in a somewhat bizarre way and hope it gets better soon. I have to say too that this weather makes me feel a bit grumpy too so greetings from another grumpy old woman about to get older too! I have been able to find most all whom I have lost but my mother…. I still wonder why but she lived her life that way too sooo it is not different in death….
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I have seen lots of useful points on your web-site about computer systems. However, I have got the thoughts and opinions that laptop computers are still less than powerful more than enough to be a option if you normally do tasks that require plenty of power, for instance video editing and enhancing. Such an obnoxious effort is already underway, the publisher has announced , in effect once again demonstrating that there are no good counterarguments to those of the dissenters, and that HIV defenders need politics to evade the debunking of their infatuation.
The first target, we can predict, of the defenders of the HIV faith will be Patricia Goodson herself. We have in mind John P. He is also notorious for making personal attacks on dissenters, most effectively by writing to their employers to urge them to relieve the HIV doubters of their jobs or posts. In one fit of zeal he has called for the imprisonment of Peter Duesberg and any other prominent dissenter.
There are a host of lesser folks who can be counted upon to come eagerly to the fray in support of the status quo, though without scientific credentials even of the suspect HIV expertise kind. We are thinking of some who have unsuccessfully though energetically trolled this site in earlier years. According to the website apart from being a professor of public health she is also a teacher of writing, which explains why her document is well written enough for laymen to understand it.
Which is the problem. Over thirty years this paradigm, which any reasonable person can see from her review is undoubtedly the most ill founded, wretched embarrassment to science in history, has become part of the culture, and woven into countless lives, not just of the patients but of all the scientists, bureaucrats, NGO idealists, doctors, nurses and other fellow travelers, professional or lay, engaged in any career or job involved in the spending of the hundreds of billions of dollars commanded by it. To take one example, what precisely is a man and scientist such as John P.
Moore to do with the realization that his entire life in science has been conducted on a false premise, and the whole string of grants he has received have been applied to studying a chimera? Even if there is something else his expertise can be turned to, which is questionable, what about the reputation he will lose, the standing in the community which will vanish, like fog in the sun?
The scientific truth is that HIV-AIDS is a paradigm with a hollow center, and that truth is like a trap door under the feet of all concerned, one which they have devoted their lives to nailing shut, lest it open and drop them into the void of calumny and ostracism, if not investigation and hearings on the topic of whether they knowingly misled the public and incurred the waste of billions in taxpayer funds and the blight and loss of hundreds of thousands of human lives.
They will fight to the death to prevent this trap door opening, and they have done so to date. They are not going to change now. Here is the text of the article for reference in case it is obliterated for political reasons from its current place on the Web:. Since , when the hypothesis that HIV-causes-AIDS was announced, many scholars have questioned the premise and offered alternative explanations. Thirty years later, competing propositions as well as questioning of the mainstream hypothesis persist, often supported by prominent scientists. This article synthesizes the most salient questions raised, alongside theories proposing non-viral causes for AIDS.
They have done so since , when the hypothesis was proposed.
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Thirty years after countless studies, resources, and attempts to cure have been poured into the HIV-AIDS hypothesis, it may be fruitful to ask: What happened to those views and voices that once disagreed? Have these advances been able to silence the questioning? Perhaps better known by the lay public than by health professionals, many explanations are, in fact, attracting a growing number of sympathizers.
To support the argument, I employ historical research and data synthesis methods. I utilize, as data, trade and professional publications in tandem with authoritative scientific sources. Instead, I aim to expose readers to the persisting controversies, and to motivate them to raise questions of their own. Ultimately, then, this article invites the public health workforce to reflect on prevailing assumptions and practices regarding HIV-AIDS. Reflecting on assumptions and practices represents a central task for public health professionals; a vital step to ensure their our practice continually grounds itself in the most rigorous ethical standards 3.
The announcement intended to assure the public: Yet almost immediately, scientists who knew a great deal about retroviruses and immunology began to voice misgivings regarding the HIV-causes-AIDS hypothesis, and to question it. They highlighted the difficulties, flaws, and contradictions they saw in the hypothesis, and offered alternative explanations.
Many of the original misgivings have survived, and others have been raised, in the past three decades. In this paper, therefore, I summarize some of these difficulties, and present what critics propose as alternative causes of AIDS. As incontrovertible as these molecular markers appear to be, unorthodox scientists have meticulously examined each one and detected significant problems in both 7.
Physicians still use these tests when screening blood for infection and, since , direct-to-consumer home tests have become available for identifying antibodies to HIV using only a saliva sample e. Yet, from the time the first tests appeared, scientists in both orthodox and unorthodox camps reiterated that, according to established immunology principles, antibodies to a virus indicate the immune system has acted to control the invading virus.
Antibodies point to previously occurring infection and do not signal active infection. In , CDC scientists mainstream wrote:. Whether the person is currently infected or immune is not known, based on the serologic test alone [ 12 , p. It is not only this simple argument — antibodies suggest the immune system has controlled the invading agents — that unorthodox scientists have debated.
Because they react to these factors, the tests may not be detecting HIV at all. Worthy of notice, among the list, are elements ubiquitous among all populations such as the flu, flu vaccinations, pregnancy in women who have had more than one child, tetanus vaccination, and malaria an important element to consider in the case of the AIDS epidemic in Africa. In , the CDC moved toward a qualified claim, stating:.
Critics of the orthodox view decry the lack of standardized criteria for a positive result in a WB, across countries, world-wide An example may clarify: In Britain, the test would be positive only if it showed reactivity to one of these three proteins, together with reactions to two other proteins, p32 and p24 see mention of p24, above, as occurring in healthy individuals.
Therefore, someone whose test reacts to p and p would be considered HIV-positive in Africa, but not in Britain. A test reaction to p41, p32, and p24 would be considered positive in Britain, but negative in Africa, leading author Celia Farber to comment: According to critics, a definitive answer regarding which protein—antigens are specific to HIV and HIV alone can only come from successful virus isolation and purification.
Attempts at purifying have been made 20, 21 , but have been criticized for their ambiguous findings 22 , or for their use of cultured samples see discussion below on EM images. Despite its enhanced specificity, many mainstream scientists and practitioners recommend caution when using PCR for screening or diagnosing infection PCR technology evolved quickly since it was introduced in Although being employed, mostly, for assessing viral load less for screening and diagnosis , it should give us pause to learn, however, that Dr.
Kary Mullis — the scientist who won the Nobel Prize for inventing the PCR test and whose quote introduced this article Table 1 — has strongly opposed using the technique for determining the amount of virus circulating in plasma. With regard to the viral-load tests, which attempt to use PCR for counting viruses, Mullis has stated: Although there is a common misimpression that the viral-load tests actually count the number of viruses in the blood, these tests cannot detect free, infectious viruses at all; they can only detect proteins that are believed, in some cases wrongly, to be unique to HIV.
The tests can detect genetic sequences of viruses, but not viruses themselves [ 29 , p. HERVs consist of retrovirus-like particles produced by host cells that are stressed or dying. In other words, when various infections assail the body, and certain cells experience stress or die in large numbers, they can manufacture by-products similar to retroviruses.
These by-products can be reactive when testing for HIV antibodies, protein antigens, and viral loads Culshaw summarizes it well:. A retrovirus is nothing more than RNA with an outer protein shell. It is for this reason that retroviruses are called enveloped viruses, and it is also the reason that it is very difficult to distinguish between exogenous retroviruses those that originate outside the body from a foreign invader and endogenous retroviruses those that are manufactured from our own retroviral-like genetic sequences under conditions of cellular stress, including diseases … Much of the genetic material attributed to HIV is in fact DNA or RNA from [these] decaying cells … Human beings are filled with such endogenous retroviruses [ 32 , pp.
Adequately interpreting images obtained through EM is, even for the most skilled scientists, challenging. EM generates highly amplified images of cells and viral particles. The first images of what researchers believed to be HIV particles budding out of human cells were published in the journal Science, in , by the French team that co-discovered HIV headed by Luc A. These images, and the computer graphics based on them, were printed in textbooks and articles discussing AIDS, extensively.
It would be 14 years later, in , when EM images from purified samples were produced Yet another study 22 , published simultaneously with these images in fact, printed as an adjoining article , reported: These microvesicles do not disappear during the purifying process. The question, then, remains: All the images of particles supposedly representing HIV and published in scientific as well as in lay publications derive from EM studies of cell cultures. According to de Harven, non-viral micoorganisms frequently contaminate cell cultures and show up very easily in EM.
HERVs, for example, are often generated by cells that have been stressed or hyperstimulated to grow in cultures. HIV cultures obtained from patients with AIDS may not require as much stimulation or addition of growth factors, thus resulting in less contaminated, purer cultures. Montagnier also acknowledges the problems with relying on EM to identify a retrovirus, given the difficulties with purifying viral samples.
In an interview given in , he reflects on those first HIV images from cultured samples, produced in his laboratory at the Pasteur Institute:. Why do the EM photographs published by you, come from the culture and not from the purification? There was so little production of virus it was impossible to see what might be in a concentrate of virus from a gradient. There was not enough virus to do that …. How is it possible without EM pictures from the purification, to know whether these particles are viral and appertain to a retrovirus, moreover a specific retrovirus?
Well, there were the pictures of the budding. We published images of budding which are characteristic of retroviruses. Having said that, on the morphology alone one could not say it was truly a retrovirus … It appears, therefore, there is little consensus regarding what the existing EM images reflect: Efficacy of Anti-Retroviral Drugs. The challenges inherent in developing both vaccine and treatment were daunting: Azidothymidine AZT — also known as Retrovir, a drug originally designed, but proven unsuccessful, for treating leukemia — made history not only because it was the first available treatment specifically for AIDS, but also due to how quickly it was approved: Phase II trials were interrupted, mid-way, due to findings that fewer patients taking AZT were dying of AIDS when compared to the control group not taking the drug 44, Approving AZT, however, did not prevent scientists from trying to develop other drugs, during the following decade; but most attempts would make little headway into the treatment of AIDS.
Adding to these difficulties, AZT was proving to be extremely toxic and not as effective as initially anticipated. Researchers did learn, meanwhile, that prescribing AZT in lower dosages and in combination with other, well-known drugs such as heparin, acyclovir, and bactrim, was beginning to curb mortality rates This reduction in viral load has been deemed so significant that, in , the FDA approved using one of the combination drugs Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP Trials conducted world-wide have consistently demonstrated low rates of HIV infection among people taking PrEP 41, The breakthrough, therefore, was the conclusion: Yet, as with most treatment drugs, ARVs also produce important side-effects.
Authors of a study reporting on the first decade of ARV use concluded,. The results of this collaborative study, which involved 12 prospective cohorts and over 20, patients with HIV-1 from Europe and North America, show that the virological response after starting HAART has improved steadily since However, there was no corresponding decrease in the rates of AIDS, or death, up to 1 year of follow-up.
Conversely, there was some evidence for an increase in the rate of AIDS in the most recent period [—] [ 49 , p. This association carries significant implications for the prophylactic use of ARVs. Therefore, having non-infected persons take HAART as prophylaxis may, over time, impact their immune systems negatively, and predispose them to becoming infected with various agents, including HIV itself. Moreover, there is evidence that ARVs can accelerate aging of cells in ways that promote progressive multi-organ disease Equally vexing, are the deaths among ARV-treated patients, resulting from acute liver failure.
Critics, on the other hand, assert: Scholars on both sides of the debate agree: Epidemiological data do not provide evidence for causation. All the data can do is reveal risk factors and illness co-occurring in a given group. Despite this well-known caveat, mainstream scientists argue that because HIV has spread among high-risk groups as expected, the AIDS epidemic has, indeed, a viral, infectious agent: These scientists also will explain the differences observed in the frequency of certain illness in specific geographic regions e. Curiously, however, even among mainstream scholars who believe epidemiological data constitute valuable evidence of a viral cause for AIDS, there are those who have turned a critical eye toward the data the US and the WHO have compiled.
The Collision of Epidemiology with Political Correctness:. If the criticisms outlined above pinpoint significant problems with each type of data used to support the HIV-AIDS hypothesis, they only contribute to deconstructing the hypothesis, not to providing explanations for what might cause AIDS if not a retrovirus.
However, alternative hypotheses abound. Anchoring themselves in well-established causes of immune system malfunction, these hypotheses point to pharmacological drug factors, immune dis-balance factors, latent infection overload, and malnutrition as culprits.
Although several scientists investigated the role drugs might play in causing immune suppression before HIV was identified [see a list of these studies in Duesberg et al. In two key publications in and — in Cancer Research and in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 68, 69 — Duesberg cogently argued: Incredibly, this is where the so-called HIV debate first forked in , and where the camps remain bitterly divided to this day [ 14 , p.
For Duesberg and scientists agreeing with him, then, other agents would have to be responsible for the disastrous immune function collapse seen in AIDS patients. These scientists saw as prominent among such causes, the use of drugs, both recreational and routinely prescribed ones.
Other drugs such as those given to transplant patients to prevent organ rejection, as well as routinely prescribed antibiotics, also have been implicated as potential causes of immune dysfunction. In particular, the research on NO, or nitric oxide, was still in its infancy: A closely related perspective, placing the blame for AIDS on bio-chemical processes gone awry within human cells is the oxidative stress or redox hypothesis. Scientists have either hypothesized or empirically connected oxidative stress to many diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer 35, 45, However, homosexuals are exposed to relatively high levels of nitrites and anally deposited sperm, drug abusers to opiates and nitrites, hemophiliacs to factor VIII.
All these are known potent oxidizing agents … [ 77 , p. According to Mullis, as people become infected with multiple viruses and experience many latent infections, the immune system embarks on a chain-reaction-response to each virus. Eventually, the system overloads itself and becomes dysfunctional.
It is an overwhelming number of distinct organisms, which causes the immune dysfunction. These may individually be harmless [ 80 , p. Perhaps the most intriguing alternative hypothesis, however — if not from its bio-chemical perspective, at least from the perspective of who supports it — is the one proposing HIV may not be the primary villain, but merely an accomplice in causing AIDS Other hypotheses have been proposed over the years, but none have garnered as much attention as those outlined above.
Some of these other hypotheses claim AIDS is caused by a multiple factors; some factors explaining some cases, other factors accounting for other cases; b undiagnosed or untreated syphilis infection; c autoimmunity; d selenium deficiency, and e psychological factors, including stress and trauma [see Bauer 73 , pp. The positive or reassuring aspect of these alternative hypotheses is the tangible hope for prevention, treatment, and cure they embody. At this point, readers might be wondering: How did we come so far, tethered to such a problematic perspective? The complexity of the answers to these questions aside, it may help to bear in mind the notion that HIV-causes-AIDS emerged and developed within a very specific scientific-cultural-historic context.
Although the scope of this article precludes dealing with this complex context, for our purposes it is important to recall at least one element: The only exception was the discovery connecting select retroviruses to a few, rare cancers. Proposing a connection between an emerging syndrome and one of these viruses even if only a circumstantial connection proved enticing enough to pursue. And pursue they did, as soon as AIDS began to appear in larger-than-expected numbers among otherwise healthy adults.
That the scientific establishment world-wide insistently refuses to re-examine the HIV-AIDS hypothesis, however, is more difficult to accept, especially when one examines the credentials of those proposing such a revision. Their expertise carries as much weight as the teams who defend the orthodox hypothesis Table 1. I could not agree more: Furthermore, credibility as an argument works both ways: If it is difficult to dismiss the unorthodox views due to the credibility of their sources, then, why are not orthodox scientists and practitioners more willing to rethink the hypothesis or, at the very least, test the unorthodox arguments in a scientific, open debate?
Although there have been, in fact, several attempts to engage the orthodox community in dialog, nearly all have been unsuccessful [for examples, see Ref. Most likely, reasons for denying the calls to re-examine the orthodox stance lie in the complex, synergistic dynamics within the scientific, medical, economic, and political systems or ideologies worldwide. Even brief speculation about these reasons would exceed the scope of this article, therefore I refer the reader, once again, to the sources referenced [in particular, see Epstein 89 and Bauer 73 ].
Here I would argue, nonetheless, that the debate between orthodox and unorthodox scientists comprises much more than an intellectual pursuit or a scientific skirmish: If in the CDC recommended voluntary testing for people in high-risk groups, in the U. Thus, routine screening of every adolescent and adult in all populations is, now, the goal 91, What can the public health workforce do, given such potential for harm? If the only hope the HIV-AIDS hypothesis can offer, 30 years later, is to provide highly toxic drugs to treat HIV infection and to prevent high-risk but healthy persons from becoming infected, health promoters have a professional duty to reflect on the available data and question the usefulness of the hypothesis.
James Jones, in his book Bad Blood: The AIDS epidemic — if managed without questioning or without the dialogical process of action-reflection — may, with time, overshadow Tuskegee in the magnitude of its negative impact. Specifically, I propose the public health workforce can undertake such an action-reflection process by engaging in the following tasks:.
Publications recording this history abound in the professional and trade literatures, representing both mainstream and unorthodox view-points. Qualitative inquiry, for instance, exploring unorthodox views and the practices of providers, patients, and scientists, might be a fruitful option for challenging prevailing assumptions. Although carrying out the tasks outlined above may represent a novelty for many public health professionals, for the scientists, practitioners, and investigators who believe a viral hypothesis for AIDS is unproductive, none of this is new.
They have combed historical documents or played a role in the history, themselves ; they have amassed substantial amounts of data, and they have made numerous calls for debate. They have held to their beliefs, steadfastly, for the past 30 years. While not all unorthodox scholars agree with Duesberg, most still actively defend their critiques of the HIV-AIDS hypothesis and persist in their questioning.
As we face the next decade with AIDS still rampant, then, it becomes vital that public health professionals attend to the debate and embark in a questioning of their own. Conflict of Interest Statement. The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
However, say the critics, the difficulty with this argument lies in the definition of AIDS: Soc Stud Sci 38 4: Theory in Health Promotion Research and Practice: Thinking Outside the Box. The New York Times A Public Opinion Perspective. The Kaiser Family Foundation Human endogenous retroviruses and AIDS research: J Am Phys Surg 15 3: HIV prevention through care and treatment — United States.
MMWR 60 Section C; Page 2, Column 1. Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome. MMWR 33 Melville House Publishing MMWR 35 Perspectives in disease prevention and health promotion public health service guidelines for counseling and antibody testing to prevent HIV infection and AIDS. MMWR 36 Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
MMWR 36 1S: Is a positive western blot proof of HIV infection? Cell membrane vesicles are a major contaminant of gradient-enriched human immunodeficiency virus type-1 preparations. Direct and dynamic detection of HIV-1 in living cells. PLoS One 7 Mocrovesicles are a source of contaminating cellular proteins found in purified HIV-1 preparations. Problems with Isolating HIV. What is Viral Load? Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults: Ann Intern Med 9: JAMA Has Provincetown Become Protease Town?
Demystified… human endogenous retroviruses. Mol Pathol Future Microbiol 2 3: North Atlantic Books Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS. Continuum 5 2: Further electron microscope studies of a mouse leukemia induced by cell-free filtrates. J Cell Biol 7 4: Questions regarding whether the recently reported particles are authentic HIV virions?
A brief history of the global effort to develop a preventive HIV vaccine. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New Engl J Med 6: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The chemical bases of the various AIDS epidemics: J Biosci 28 4: A powerful and perplexing new HIV prevention tool.
HIV treatment response and prognosis in Europe and North America in the first decade of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Role of nutritional status and weight loss in HIV seroconversion among Rwandan women. J Acq Immun Def Synd 6: Mitochondrial aging is accelerated by anti-retroviral therapy through the clonal expansion of mtDNA mutations. Nat Rev Genet 43 8: Incidence and causes of death in HIV-infected persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with estimates for the general population of similar age and from the same geographical area.
HIV Med 8: Potent antiretroviral therapy of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 infection: J Infect Dis Surveillance — United States, — The Collision of Epidemiology with Political Correctness. Craven B, Stewart G. Appl Econ Ital J Anat Embryo 2: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. Copernicus Books; Springer Retroviruses as carcinogens and pathogens: J Can Res Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Ann Intern Med 99 2: Duesberg P, Rasnick D. Life Sci Inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS in tumor biology: Semin Cancer Biol Type 2 diabetes as a redox disease.
Res Immunol Gougeon M, Montagnier L. Virus- or Drug Induced? Kluwer Academic Publishers A hypothetical disease of the immune system that may bear some relation to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Overview of HIV Treatments. May Clin Proc 82 9: Virus- Or Drug Induced? The Tragic Cost of Premature Consensus. Little, Brown and Company University of California Press Fee E, Brown TM. The past and future of public health practice. Am J Public Health 90 5: Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. An Ethic for Health Promotion: Rethinking the Sources of Human Well-Being.
Oxford University Press The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. New and Expanded Edition. The Free Press The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Henry Hermann Bauer Very nice article. The Case against HIV http: Patricia Goodson Thank you for your kind comments. I did, indeed, consult an earlier version of the piece you recommended. To be followed by a spectacular special issue in Frontiers in Chemistry: Thanks for the challenge!
Terry P Michael Prof. Goodson, thanks so much for having the courage to write about the history of dissent from the single pathogen theory of immune deficiency. It may sound odd to some readers to extend congratulations to an academic writer for doing what academics ought to be doing: I am a former newspaper reporter, a former press spokesman for two members of Congress and the Democratic National Committee, and for the past 25 years director of a mainstream program to teach college journalism students about politics and public affairs www.
I have had a very mainstream career, always trying to seek truth. I am also a year-old gay man, so I have a dog in the hunt for facts about what really caused a significant amount of immune deficiency among my contemporaries in the early s. It boggles my mind that anyone would call for retraction of your superbly researched and written paper. Sabe Pat, isso me fez viajar no tempo e se lembra da primeira pesquisa social que fizemos no Cemicamp?
Quando li isso, busquei foruns de pessoas que falavam sobre isso e era assolador! I am sending it to my hard headed academic family as a way to educate them! Anthony Liversidge This well written and comprehensive article seems remarkably appropriate after thirty years where paradigm defenders in HIV-AIDS have, as it indicates, signally failed to defeat profound skepticism which reaches to the highest academic level as to the validity of their hypothesis, which is therefore still an unproven claim which lacks convincing evidence to reviewers and which contradicts basic principles in its field.
Significantly, since those reviews were published no attempt has been made to refute his analysis in either publication, despite promises made to do so by the leading scientists in HIV-AIDS who denounced them to the press. Until such refutation takes place on the same platforms, non peer reviewed debates and counter articles in other journals and on the Web, and the whole literature of HIV-AIDS of many thousands of studies and reviews which assume HIV is the cause of AIDS as a premise cannot be taken as countering their conclusions.
Nor can the politics which has continually undermined his reputation, and the sometimes successful attempts to influence editors not to carry articles telling the public about the enduring theoretical failure of HIV-AIDS. Those who believe that the drugs which improve patient outcome prove that HIV is the true cause of HIV-AIDS overlook the possibility that they may be simply less noxious than those used earlier, especially since the death rate of HIV-AIDS patients is according to the CDC data largely being maintained despite their use and the major causes of death are liver and kidney disease which are not accounted for by HIV.
This is not only circular logic — if HIV is wrong obviously they should be influenced against the otherwise noxious medications — but also a call for censorship of the normal review process and free debate of good science. We will be watching to see if Frontiers resists an attempt by anti-intellectual propagandists to suppress thoughtful debate in peer reviewed journals. I reported and wrote about the latest AIDS war profiteering here: Just ask those raising objections, or any prominent spokesperson like Dr. Anthony Liversidge If the complainants hope the Frontiers in Public Health committee will disturb a piece which only recounts the story of peer reviewed paradigm critiques over the three decades that the critics have been politically but not scientifically defeated, they should first suggest that the earlier reviews by Duesberg in Cancer Research and Proceedings of the National Academy be withdrawn also.
This would no doubt happen as soon as they answer and refute them in the same high level journals. I do not have a background in any of the relevent sciences but I found the article very readable and a good springboard for conducting further research into this fascinating subject. Goodson has produced a splendid review of the questions and alternatives that critics have put forth regarding the still unproven hypothesis that HIV causes AIDS. Backed by multi-billion dollar research funding, the hypothesis has been widely accepted by researchers anxious to be funded, published and respected.
This river of gold has distorted the scientific process, biasing conventional thinking to such an extent that HIV causation is taken as an axiomatic premise, much like a religious dogma.
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Such magical wording is also employed to dismiss specific contradictions Duesberg listed 17 in his paper. CMV is also found in transplant patients, as a result of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. Goodson mentions such immunosuppressants, as does Duesberg in his book p. One who did was a toxicologist, Dr. Mohammed Al-Bayati, who supplemented the toxic chemical hypothesis of Duesberg by detailing how each of the AIDS risk groups are exposed to the same class of immunosuppressive drugs, called corticosteroids..
Anthony Liversidge With 10, views, and the above Comments including more than 2 people who value this article, perhaps some have overlooked the Like button on top right, since it records only 2 Likes so far. In the meantime it is no longer visible in Pubmed. I suggest that everybody interested download it as soon as possible, because I fear it will be soon removed also from this website.
Anthony Liversidge Even if the article is removed from this Frontiers in Public Health site, a copy can still be read at Science Guardian in an article which reports its appearance here see the bottom of the text at http: The references are also listed. David Rasnick also carries the pdf at his site at http: The article is, after all, no more and no less than an accurate and objective history of the multitude of objections in peer reviewed journals continuously raised over thirty years to the as yet unproven hypothesis that the disease labeled HIV-AIDS is caused by HIV. Phillip S Duke Dr.
Goodson seems to have overlooked several very important lines of research in her review. For one example, Dr. Her web site contains all the links to her powerpoint slides, publications, commentary on her publications, and so on. Could an ancient retrovirus, RNA-interference and stress be the answer to the divergent opinions? Giampaolo Minetti Another epicycle? Frontiers From Frontiers Communications Office: Please note that, due to some abuse of the commentary section for this article, this discussion is now moderated.
Frontiers The terms and conditions for using our platform are here: Crowe Rene, perhaps you could invite Dr. Anthony Liversidge Since the Frontiers site extends the unusually civil option of allowing commenters to edit their comments for accuracy after posting, perhaps the moderator could mark them for erasure in two days time ie to allow them to be edited for tone, in order to avoid loss of scientifically relevant information? To avoid the loss in this case, readers may find them at Science Guardian under comments at the post http: Yet you left this one:.
Given the weight of the counted objections in leading peer reviewed journals, and the rigorous quality of the most important by Duesberg which are still unanswered, Goodson did conclude that the public interest dictates that her public health colleagues reassess the dogma for themselves. But this does not indicate that her analysis or her conclusion are biased or inaccurate.
Photograph by Bogdan Oporowski. I am usually a mathematician, but for many years, I have been interested in the area where the academic and scientific worlds meet the world of journalism and politics. I have thus documented extensively certain defective practices over 20 years. I published some of my documentation in my book Challenges Springer Verlag, One thing leading to another, over the last six years I have made up a file on an extraordinary situation concerning the virus called HIV.
I have drawers full of documents. Have We Been Misled? The present article is therefore a follow up. Both the general press e. When persons point to contradictions in publications coming from the orthodoxy, these persons get evasive answers or they do not get answers at all. Occasionally, a dissenting voice arises. The article started on p. We must consider how many of our notions about AIDS are biased by our preconceptions and are not trustworthy.
Diversity of opinion has never hurt science; dogmatism often has. The [AIDS] task force can foster one or the other — but not both. The first idea that came to the mind of medical researchers around , when there occurred an increase of certain diseases in certain well-defined risk groups in the western world, is that this increase was due to drugs, of various kinds depending on the risk group.
Be it noted here that different risk groups come down with different diseases, and are exposed to different drugs. The time period and the cumulative effect may also be factors involved in the causation. The situation may be similar to prolonged use or abuse of alcohol causing cirrhosis of the liver, or smoking causing lung cancer.
This drug hypothesis was taken up again principally by Professor Peter Duesberg at the University of California at Berkeley. A study published in Nature claimed to show that drugs were not the cause. Complete references are given in Challenges, pp. On 23 and 24 May , the U. National Institute on Drug Abuse sponsored a meeting on the toxic effects of nitrite inhalants. The meeting was not covered by the press, scientific or otherwise. Harry Haverkos, acting director for clinical research at that Institute, was chairman of the meeting.
Some scientists have proposed some experiments to test whether or not HIV is pathogenic, and also to test the counter hypothesis that drugs, in different forms and different circumstances, are the cause of different diseases defining AIDS according to the CDC. Duesberg is prominent among those who have proposed such experiments, but he cannot get the necessary funding from government agencies or universities in the United States to carry out these experiments.
The experiments are partly epidemiological, and partly laboratory experiments on animals. The funding situation is so bad that his lab at Berkeley is now threatened with being closed down within a few months because he cannot get funding. Although the editor was ready to publish an even longer article, he was overruled by higher powers who killed the article in galley proof stage.
Be it noted that Duesberg has also done cancer research which goes against the current orthodoxy. He cannot get funding either for this research in the United States. As a result, he has been spending more time in Germany, where he can get university funding and where he writes joint papers with German scientists. One basic problem is to communicate a large amount of information to readers who cannot find this information in the standard media, including the scientific magazines and the mainstream press. I have written a detailed account of the situation in one page chapter of Challenges.
During this past year, even more evidence against the orthodox view has come to my attention. Hence the HIV chapter in Challenges and the present article are not substitutes for each other but complement each other. Although I am a mathematician, I do not need to know biology to evaluate critically certain practices, which can be criticized simply from the point of view of ordinary scientific and rhetorical standards.
Serge Lang has well documented the basis of this controversy [whether HIV is the cause of AIDS] and has provided a sobering picture for the reader of the polity of thinking that has characterized this field. For example, legitimate questions about the effects of HIV and the role of cofactors in the pathogenesis of the immune dysfunction that is the hallmark of AIDS remain unanswered by those who are the proponents of conventional thinking in this field.
Models of how HIV and cells of the immune system replicate, which have not yet sustained the rigor of thorough scientific discussion and critique at both the biological and mathematical level, are accepted as if they were laws of nature. Major journals and scientific meetings have often failed to provide a forum for legitimate criticism of these models, and other issues pertaining to HIV.
Lang points out that this is an abuse of the process by which science seeks to achieve a complete understanding of a problem…. As well, Lang asks to what extent are readers of scientific journals correctly informed of various points of view and do editors assert unreasonable control over the terms of disclosure in their journals?
These are clearly important and disturbing questions. A review of the scenarios which Lang has painted should give the thoughtful reader pause as well as some insight into how doctrinaire thinking can develop and be perpetuated. Since , for instance, the CDC has an official list of 29 diseases. A low T-cell count is mentioned explicitly as only one of the 29 diseases. A person is then defined to have AIDS for surveillance reporting purposes if and only if this person has at least one of these diseases, and simultaneously tests HIV positive.
Thus when two people have the same symptoms of sickness, if one is HIV positive the sickness is called AIDS, and if the other is not, then the sickness is given its ordinary name. In this way, the definition obstructs dealing with the question whether the virus HIV is a cause of any disease. Some medical practitioners or scientists follow the CDC definition and some do not.
Under such circumstances, statistics purportedly showing that HIV is the cause of certain diseases are worthless, and misleading. Misleading and nonsensical CDC figures. For example, right on the front page, there is a table headed:. The graph shows an increase between and from about 35, to about , There is a boxed statement, just below the graph:. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS is a specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus HIV.
Testing HIV positive on some test or other? So the definition on the front page of the December surveillance report is still a new definition, further contributing to the chaotic mess coming out of the CDC. Does it mean being sick with certain clinical symptoms, or does it mean only being HIV positive? Is there an unstated assumption that such positivity necessarily leads to clinical symptoms of some kind and even death, or what? Is there a justification for such an assumption?
Thus the figures are manipulated in some undetermined way. So the figure of , is nonsense, down to the last unit digit. There are other fundamental problems with this figure. The people involved are otherwise healthy. The CDC does not provide figures on control groups, any more than some influential purportedly scientific papers, see below.
But many studies show that lymphocyte counts are as low in some HIV-negative gay men, intravenous drug users, and hemophiliacs as they are in nonsymptomatic HIV-positive people — and sometimes lower. The expression contributes to the general confusion. I received a reply, not from David Satcher but from John W. Ward did not address a single one of the specific criticisms of the Surveillance Report which I had made, nor did he resolve any of the specific problems and incompatibilities which I pointed out.
He wrote me only about the boxed statement:. So I wrote back to Satcher: Even if one admits that such a correlation exists in some specific studies, independently of the above circular definition, a question arises: For example, it is generally admitted that smoking in fairly large doses over a fairly long period of time causes lung cancer. One of the main reasons if not the only reason for this hypothesis is a correlation between those who smoke a lot and those who develop cancer. But essentially the same correlation exists between lung cancer and yellow fingers.
However, yellow fingers do not cause lung cancer. Thus it is essential to answer the question: Paradoxes and no control groups. This information is hardly new. Peter Duesberg says something similar in a paper in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from The lack of control groups is one of the problems with the medical scientific literature, which does not provide appropriate comparisons between different groups some sick, some not sick, some HIV positive, some HIV negative to test the claimed correlation between HIV and AIDS.
A letter to the editors. It provides direct evidence for not trusting results which claim to analyze HIV pathogenesis. I asked Bukrinsky to straighten me out if I was mistaken. I did not get a reply from him. Ho and Shaw among other authors engage in the practice of throwing math and statistics at people, pretending to give a mathematical model for HIV infection and its purported effects, namely the destruction of CD4 T-cells. There is developing a substantial history of criticisms of these papers.
We have already mentioned some criticisms in the preceding section, concerning control groups. We now list other criticisms which have developed over the last five years. Even such formerly stalwart proponents of this notion as Anthony Faucy and Robert Gallo now admit that this is not the case. Letters to the editor in Nature. Already on 18 May , Nature published six pages of letters to the editor. Many of these letters represented various forms of criticisms of the Ho and Shaw articles, such as the one by Bukrinsky mentioned above.
As another example, the medical scientists Ascher et al had a letter p. Mark Craddock in his Kluwer collection article wrote: It is claimed that HIV sends the immune system into overdrive as measured by a supposedly accelerated production of T4 cells…But where are the healthy controls? How can this production of T cells be ascribed to HIV if there is no comparison made with healthy people? The patients in both study groups were being treated with new drugs such as Nevarapine we are naturally told nothing of possible toxic side effects of these drugs whose effects are largely unknown.
So how can these results be extrapolated to HIV positive people who are not taking these drugs? Arthur Gottlieb wrote to me on 16 May That, I think is of concern, if indeed there are serious questions about the validity of the model.