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A number of notable fencing masters from the late 16th century Vincentio Saviolo , Rocco Bonetti, and William Joyner ran schools in and around Blackfriars then the main theatre district of London. Around the same time, a number of significant fencing manuals were written in or translated into English. Samuel Pepys describes visiting at least two prizefights held in London's Beargarden in — the contestants were tradesmen rather than fencing masters; both fights ended after one of the contestants was unable to continue because of wrist injuries.


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An almost exclusively thrusting style first became popular in France during the 17th century. The French were enthusiastic adopters of the smallsword, which was light and short, and, therefore, well suited to fast, intricate handwork. Light, smaller training weapons were developed on the basis of an existing template: The first documented competition with rules resembling contemporary foil took place in Toulouse in the late 17th century. Brawling and fighting were regular occupations of students in the German-speaking areas during the early modern period.

In line with developments in the aristocracy and the military, regulated duels were introduced to the academic environment, as well. Students wore special clothes, developed special kinds of festivities, sang student songs, and fought duels. The foil was invented in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century to practice fast and elegant thrust fencing. Fencers blunted the point by wrapping a foil around the blade or fastening a knob on the point "blossom", French fleuret. In addition to practising, some fencers took away the protection and used the sharp foil for duels. After the dress sword was abolished, the Pariser became the only weapon for academic thrust fencing in Germany.

Since fencing on thrust with a sharp point is quite dangerous, many students died from their lungs being pierced Lungenfuchser , which made breathing difficult or impossible. Until the first half of the 19th century all types of academic fencing can be seen as duels , since fencing with sharp weapons was about honour. No combat with sharp blades took place without a formal insult.

For duels involving non-students, e. Classical fencing derives most directly from the 19th- and early 20th-century national fencing schools, especially in Italy and France , although other pre— World War II styles such as Russian and Hungarian are also considered classical [ citation needed ]. Masters and legendary fencing figures such as Giuseppe Radaelli , Louis Rondelle, Masaniello Parise, the Greco brothers, Aldo Nadi and his rival Lucien Gaudin were typical practitioners of this period.

Antique Sword Unboxing - 17th Century Italian Rapier!

Dueling went into sharp decline after World War I. Training for duels, once fashionable for males of aristocratic backgrounds although fencing masters such as Hope suggest that many people considered themselves trained from taking only one or two lessons , all but disappeared, along with the classes themselves. Fencing continued as a sport, with tournaments and championships. However, the need to actually prepare for a duel with "sharps" vanished, changing both training and technique.

The need to train swordsmen for combat in a nonlethal manner led fencing and swordsmanship to include a sport aspect from its beginnings, from before the medieval tournament right up to the modern age. The shift towards fencing as a sport rather than as military training happened from the midth century, and was led by Domenico Angelo , who established a fencing academy, Angelo's School of Arms, in Carlisle House , Soho , London in He was fencing instructor to the Royal Family. With the help of artist Gwyn Delin, he had an instruction book published in England in which had 25 engraved plates demonstrating classic positions from the old schools of fencing.

His school was run by three generations of his family and dominated the art of European fencing for almost a century. He established the essential rules of posture and footwork that still govern modern sport fencing , although his attacking and parrying methods were still much different from current practice. As a result of his insight and influence, fencing changed from an art of war to a sport.

As fencing progressed, the combat aspect slowly faded until only the rules of the sport remained. While the fencing taught in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was intended to serve both for competition and the duel while understanding the differences between the two situations , the type of fencing taught in a modern sport fencing salle is intended only to train the student to compete in the most effective manner within the rules of the sport. The Tournament featured a series of competitions between army officers and soldiers. Each bout was fought for five hits and the foils were pointed with black to aid the judges.

Only Foil and Sabre events were part of the first Olympic Games in the summer of Women's foil was first competed at the Olympics in in Paris. In the early years of competition fencing, four judges determined whether a touch had been made. Two side judges stood behind and beside each fencer, watching for hits made by that fencer.

The Rapier Brothers by Megan Derr (1 star ratings)

A director observed from several metres away. At the end of each action, the director called "Halt," described the action, and then polled the judges. If the judges differed, or abstained, the director could overrule. The Director also referred to head referee always has the final say. What he says goes. The only way for a call to be changed is for one of the competitors to ask for a review protest. If the Director acknowledged his own error, he may change the call. Though it was universally used, this method had serious limitations. Bertrand, an exhibition was given of an exceedingly clever invention.

The invention is the work of Mr. Little, the well-known amateur swordsman, and is designed to do away with this uncertainty and useless expenditure of energy. It is hardly necessary to say that the inventor has called electricity to his aid. Briefly, the invention consists of an automatic electric recorder. The instrument is fastened to the wall and connected with the collar of the combatant, from whence the current is conveyed down the sleeve into the handle of the foil. The blade of the foil pressing into the handle completes the connection; the current is conveyed to a bell in the instrument, and thus each hit is recorded.

At the exhibition the invention proved an unalloyed success, and ought to be a boon both to competitors and judges—to the former on account of its certainty, and to the latter because it not only lightens their labours, but also frees them from any suspicion of partiality. There also were problems with bias: Aldo Nadi complained about this in his autobiography The Living Sword in regard to his famous match with Lucien Gaudin.

The Daily Courier article described a new invention, the electrical scoring machine, that would revolutionize fencing. Foil was automated in , sabre in The scoring box reduced the bias in judging, and permitted more accurate scoring of faster actions, lighter touches, and more touches to the back and flank than before. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. History of martial arts.

French school of fencing , Rapier fencing , Destreza , and Masters of Defence. Classical fencing and Academic fencing. The Theory and Practice of Fencing. These stories are beautiful. Feb 11, vLadimiR rated it it was amazing. There's nothing more reassuring than a good book with a happy ending.

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This wonderful tale is no exception. Megan Derr creates a wonderful re-telling of the classic story of Cinderella, only this time, everyone gets their happy ending. I mean, Maleficaent got her's right? Why not continue the trend? LoL hide spoiler ]. Dagger's story was familiar and comforting; Epe There's nothing more reassuring than a good book with a happy ending. Dagger's story was familiar and comforting; Epee's had a clever plot but didn't have much emotional pull on me somehow; Sabre's story however was my favorite and ironically the shortest.

That last third of the book just made me laugh and blush with every unsolicited kiss he got from Lash. Such a refreshing approach and it was just too adorable! And yes I know that the story might be unoriginal but the writing was fabulous and the lines were authentic enough to make me believe I was back in the renaissance period. What can I say? Three short stories about three brothers: Dagger, Epee and Sabre. Fun and angst free. Mar 20, MsMiz Tina rated it really liked it Shelves: Megan Derr has never disappointed me and that did not happen with The Rapier Brothers.

We get the story of three Brothers in different circumstances and each with their own cross to bear. Add to it swords, kisses, and love and you have a hit. Apr 21, Deeze rated it really liked it Shelves: Would of liked a little closure with the step father and son. Also I found it hard to believe Dagger had no idea who Tan was. But still a sweet fairy tale. Second reading as enjoyable as the first. But as with a lot of Megan Derr shorts, I'm always left satisfied but craving just a little bit more.

Epee is adorable, Sharp a good but blind fool and Mace a villain of the lowest order. A sweet little read. Hard to believe the obnoxious older brother Sabre could end up being the guy I felt the most for. Loved Lash, but wish we could have had a little more. I would of loved a little family reunion not to mention a little look at the father reaping what he sowed.

There is one downside however, they will leave you wanting more LOL. Jan 03, Giedre rated it liked it. This is a short collection that contains three stories about two brothers and their stepbrother think Cinderella type of situation. Each of them gets his own story. There's not a lot of world building in them, but I guess that's not the point. Anyway, for stories revolving around dueling, they are super adorable. Feb 25, Charly rated it liked it.

Cute premise, but it has some issues Warning: The story does redeem him slightly, but I think perhaps the author should have been more careful about making Sabre less vicious earlier. The first one, for instance, seemed to me as though it was happening in the Middle Ages, whereas the second one gave me more of an 18th-century feel. This is an interesting enough premise, and I did find myself engaged by the story and rooting for most of the characters. But I think it would have benefited from some more development. The whole thing could have covered the same amount of time and been easily twice as long.

Feb 06, L-D rated it really liked it Shelves: Another great Megan Derr book in my opinion. This is an anthology that has three separate stories of the Rapier brothers. One brother is featured in each story. I enjoyed all of the stories. This is a good book for the YA audience because there are no explicit love scenes at all. It's a genuine gay fairy tale romance.

Main Gauche — Dagger was noble-born, but after his mother left her fortune to his step-father, Dagger was left in the cold. As the apprentice to the local blacksmith, Dagger works Another great Megan Derr book in my opinion. As the apprentice to the local blacksmith, Dagger works hard and enjoys his work, but he misses his swordplay. As a peasant, it's against the law to practice swordsmanship.

After the King hosts a tournament, however, Dagger thinks this just may be the chance for him to show people he's not just a peasant. And just maybe he'll get a chance to meet and duel the young nobleman that comes to his smithy. Dagger was an extremely likable character. I thought this was a very cute story and I enjoyed it. With an overbearing father, Rapier, and a malicious brother, Sabre, Epee must engage in secrecy in order to put his plan into action.

Lord Sharp is the man he has been dueling with for many years. The dueling began when Epee overheard Lord Sharp say he would love the man who beat him times. Epee is so very close to that th victory, but a friend from Sharp's past could ruin everything. Epee's crusade to win the favor of Lord Sharpe is very touching and romantic. I really loved the premise and the dedication that Epee showed in order to demonstrate his love and show his worthiness. It was very sweet all around. After realizing that 29 years of kowtowing to Rapier has gained him nothing but a life of misery with no friends to speak of, Sabre sneaks away to drown his sorrows.

When he meets a mysterious stranger in a seedy inn, Sabre takes the opportunity to spend time with someone who does not know of his infamous reputation. Are these few days of stolen time enough to erase 29 years of misery? This wasn't my favorite story because Sabre was such a bastard in the first two stories and he didn't do quite enough to redeem himself. I think it should have been a little longer and depicted more actions that showed he was truly remorseful.

Excellent collection of three fantasy stories about three brothers. I took away the star from the rating because the last story - The Perfect Son - wasn't as developed as the other two Main Gauche was was a well-done Cinderfella story, while Duels was a very touching enemies-to-friends-to-lovers story. The ficlets available on author's site remedied that somewhat, but I wanted to learn more about Sabre and Lash.

Overall, very romantic and sweet collection. I can't believe I never found this before. This is just -- oh gosh. This is too sweet. Oh my bloody god, the perfect curl-up-on-a-rainy-day-by-the-window book. A must read if you're into this genre, and even if you're not!

Sex is very very tame. Romance is utterly sweet and everyone is adorable! Definitely recommended for those who enjoy this genre, and for those who want to try it. Jun 08, Kaseka rated it it was amazing Shelves: I will never get tired of these stories, and how they make me smile and hurt and smile again. They give me such joy! Jan 24, Artemis rated it it was amazing. The stories are, to be honest, sweet that is not to say that they aren't, at points, angsty or bittersweet , well written, often over dramatic and every bit the kind of tale you'd expect from Megan Derr.

Main Gauche was great. Admittedly, the concept, the tropes, the character designs themselves weren't very fresh we deal with similar stuff in her other works , but when put together, they formed a beautifully executed and wonderfully readable tale. The characters, the concepts were both brilliant, realistic, and heart-touching. Some lines from this story were some of the most beautiful I've ever encountered. Perfect Son was the most 'original' story of the book, but I personally didn't like it like the other stories, maybe because of the subject of the tale: Sabre, the eldest and least liked rapier brother.

Still, I didn't much enjoy anything from the story; the characters, the plot, the tropes. All the stories have good endings, and there are situations which make you want to squee and others which make you yell.

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All in all, a great book. Dec 09, KenazNYC rated it did not like it. Legendary duelists and master swordsmen who OMG, it's, um, like, Swashbucklers High! And he's sulking because "OMG, Daddy like totes forgot my bday! I totally hate him! Characters are Legendary duelists and master swordsmen who Characters are inexplicably named after weapons. I was waiting to meet a pair of chefs named "Fork" and "Spoon.

Feder (fencing)

Or "Dice," for that matter. Jul 31, Milyd rated it really liked it. Main Gauche Such a sweet story with a nice ending! Epee was a really friendly character, and I applaud him for sticking to his "challenge". It was interesting to have his point of view though.

Sep 24, M'rella rated it it was amazing Shelves: Mar 06, Morgana rated it it was amazing Shelves: My favourite anthology written by Megan Derr. Read twice so far. Will definitely read this one again! Jan 19, Nina rated it really liked it Shelves: Cute stories with 3 brothers and I really liked all 3 stories! Jun 04, Tess rated it really liked it.

Just what I was in the mood for.


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Sweet and low-angst and uncomplicated. I liked the first two the best, the third one not so much. Jun 07, Ravyn rated it liked it Shelves: Three lovely little short stories focused on the three brothers Rapier. I just wish they were longer. Jun 27, Katherine rated it it was amazing. A great trio of fairy tales where each of the brothers finds their match.

What's not to love? Main Gauche is Cinderella where instead of balls and glass slippers, there are duels and unique sword pairs. I love it because Katan wants someone who will challenge him and keep up with him, while Dagger wants to have love and respect even when he has had to work as a commoner. A long and romantic courting, this story was sweet and sharp, packed with so much sorrow and hope for such a short span. Epee was a darling, the always happy man who has worked so hard to build a life, but to question if it will all come crashing down.

Sharp is so certain and yet so confused, a beautiful contradiction and a great pairing. The Perfect Son does what feels impossible and makes us love the impossible brother, Sabre. The heir, the right hand of his father, and the most miserable of them all, not that anyone knows. Sabre has given up everything in his life to try to satisfy his cruel and demanding father, but gets nothing in return. When a stranger at an inn gives him attention and affection that he has never received Sabre is happy, which he realizes he has never been.

Learning little bits along the way of how Sabre has tried to stand up, tried to help his brothers, and what he has done present day, just melted my heart.