Yet nor is the reader given enough help by the editors in seizing the overall thrust of the whole so that conclusions emerge which could sensibly be discussed by a non-specialist reviewer. The 29 main contributions, which vary in length from around 10 to around 40 pages, are presented under three main headings. The collective geographical scope is vast. It reaches from Mesopotamia and the Crimea to the Indies as a target for emigration ; it includes the whole Mediterranean basin, with some concentration on Spain and Italy though relatively little specifically on France and almost nothing on Mediterranean Africa.
The period covered is equally ambitious. Much like the first volume in the series, it starts around the 18th century BCE an interesting discussion of the vocabulary of nomadism as recorded in the palace archives of the Amorites in Babylonia and it closes more or less with the 18th century CE a comparative chapter on how the Ottoman empire attempted to control the nomads of the Cilician plain and the casual labourers moving to the capital. Does a pattern emerge from this vertiginous catalogue? A striking clutch of papers on those related topics hints at a Braudellian panorama, showing Mediterranean-wide movement and interaction.
The makings of a few other possible constellations of papers can be glimpsed in the table of contents. It was entirely reasonable of the editors to choose a thematic rather than a chronological or geographical organisation to their volume. None the less, for most of the time the thematic approach produces an effect of staccato irregularity. In that sub-section on expulsions, for example, we start with Judaism in the time of Christ, then jump to Frederick II, and then to Granada around Nor are the mini-introductions to each section as helpful as they might be in showing the ways different parts of the volume resonate with each other.
Nor, in this collection, is there an index of any kind, let alone the type really needed, a thematic one — to aid the reader in choosing alternative paths through its contents.
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None of this is to deny that we can learn a great deal from the book. We learn — and this is, as scientists say, non-trivial — quite how much documentation survives to be exploited about those leaving or being forced out, on the move, staying away, communicating back, returning. This documentation is not only prescriptive or administrative; it can be personal as well. Almost every page in the volume is plushly carpeted with footnotes, and one of them sent me to the letters Assyrian wives wrote to their absent merchant husbands giving news and detailing their domestic problems.
These are not windows onto souls, but we are at least in tenuous touch with real people on the move, and from almost four thousand years ago p. That points to a second positive feature of the collection, or rather of the trio of volumes published so far. It shows abundantly that movement has been a central feature of the social history of the area for a very long time.
The emphasis on identification and control of course forbids extensive use of archaeology, so the authors do not register that people have been making long sea journeys, of up to miles, across open sea in the Mediterranean for at least , years. Such themes are vividly developed. It is the more surprising that little attention is given to slavery. There are almost all the materials here for a full, genuinely comparative history of geographical mobility across a wide space and over the long-term, with some attempt to show which periods and areas were more mobile than others.
And yet — that potential is realised only intermittently in the present collection because of a degree of insularity in its contributors. They do not always seem to be in touch with developments in scholarship. Presumably the papers as published in closely reflect those delivered at the original conferences in and But one might have hoped for more debate with Braudel and some fuller consideration of the precise ways in which the area covered by the volume might, through its geography and ecology and modes of transport and communication, have promoted mobility.
The collection under review is a volume on the Mediterranean and the Middle or Near East which at no point defines or defends its geographical scope. One contribution, the last one, ventures into northern Europe because its subject is the refugees of the Catholic League of late 16th-century France in the Low Countries and the Mediterranean, and it sets the stage for an interesting comparison between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean. But that approach remains undeveloped, and is tried nowhere else in the volume. The Mediterranean remains a limp geographical expression. Its value as an analytical tool is never debated.
In the UK, this volume would not only be un-reviewable, it would be un-publishable. The requirements of a UK publisher would be a mixed blessing. Everything would have to be translated into English. The volume would be a third of its size. Here, instead, we have over pages in Spanish, Italian and English, as well as French. But a UK publisher would at least have insisted on a clearly articulated rationale, a careful definition and justification of geographical scope, a long synoptic introduction with a literature review — and an index.
They do not always order these things better in France. It is a great honor to be reviewed by an eminent historian, to really enter in dialogue with one of the masters of the Mediterranean studies. Following the same practice, we would like to respond to his main critiques. Horden offers us several criticisms: He adds that this volume may even be un-publishable in the Anglo-Saxon world, since we have retained the original languages Spanish, Italian, French, English of the participants. We are perplexed that the co-author of The Corrupting Sea would challenge the choice to study a long period of time, and likewise by his criticism of the multilingualism: How can one read sources with English only?
But perhaps there is in the remarks of P. Horden a certain nostalgia for a time when the English spoke other languages, particularly French, the predominant language of this volume. While we concede that the absence of an index can make reading more slow though an index would have made the volume considerably larger, and it is already very thick , it is important for us to respond to these criticisms, which never enter into the content of the articles themselves, and to recall the spirit of the research program, of which the work under review is the result, the problematic that we developed in the course of eight colloquia, and the way in which it has all been directed from to It aimed to investigate under which conditions political, economic, social it had been possible, over the course of many centuries within the Mediterranean basin, to establish or to preserve the freedom of circulation of peoples, and according to what principles; which culture, which logics contributed to the implementation of such freedom or, on the contrary, to its limitation and control; and what were the administrative procedures, the published documents, and the administrative identities brought together to frame this mobility.
It focused likewise on the historicity of its norms and categories, in order to understand in which context and in what manner the law took account of the phenomenon of mobility, making it visible to some extent, and consequently grasping the transformation of the relationship between man and space. This research program was developed in a series of colloquia published in pairs: The second 2 dealt with entry into cities and ports and placed its emphasis on the procedures of identification for traveling people.
The third volume, the object of this review, comprised the proceedings of two conferences, one concerning mobile populations, and the other all the forms of emigration, whether free or constrained: Each colloquium, and thus each publication, was supposed to respond to a particular problematic: It is plurality that characterizes this long period, where the procedures of control and identification responded to multiple logics, sometimes even purely circumstantial ones, and which, far from excluding one another, most often tended to accumulate.
This program was conceived and implemented as traveling or migratory in nature to Rome, Naples, Aix en Provence, Madrid, Istanbul, etc. The diversity of its participants ought to reflect the variety of approaches and points of view. It is this richness and this dynamics that we wanted to defend against the linguistic and problematical constraints that weigh upon research today and that aim to produce formatted publications and holistic works. For example, every respondent should be asked about gender identity, regardless of what they look like or how they are perceived to identify.
We need data to understand how LGBTQ2S youth move through programs and systems and to determine what interventions are working. I can't articulate strongly enough how important this will be for the population and our ability to develop more targeted responses going forward. Thank you everyone for participating in today's AMA!
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Le monde de l’Itinérance | Reviews in History
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For more information refer to: Whitepaper - Igloo Accessibility. Hi David and Alex, I have a question relating to mental health: Why is this the case, and what types of services can shelters provide to support these youth? In what ways can schools, teachers and counsellors provide support? Are there resources available for 1. What additional barriers do LGBTQ2S youth experience is finding, obtaining and maintaining employment, and what services or supports have been shown to be helpful in overcoming those barriers?
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- L'itinerance en questions? - University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries Archives.
- L'itinerance en questions?, sous la direction de Shirley Roy, Roch Hurtubise, (electronic resource)!
I want to know what options will be availible for adults with neurological deficit since birth who cannot explain that they need physical care and cannot work and have special needs. An apartment is not what they need. They need physical care. Thank you for your comment!
Thank you for joining us today! We will begin answering the questions now. We will start with Robert Culhane's question. Feel free to post any comments or questions that you may have for David and Alex during the hour. I'll start by responding to your first question: Happy to stay connected as we work with our community partners. Thank you for the suggestions and the resource from New York. Emotional instability, T rauma, Limited education. Transgender youth may experience these additional challenges when trying to secure employment: Misgendering on the phone prior to interview and during interview.
Legal name and ID may not match with gender expression, chosen name, or pronouns.
Unable to access workplace restroom facilities and harassed by coworkers and supervisors on the basis of gender identity. Daily transphobia may make it difficult, if not impossible, to successfully perform one's job. Chronic stress and anxiety, such as worries about how others perceive them and dilemmas about gender presentation. Some things that shelters and support services can do to help include: Assist trans youth with legal name and sex designator changes.
Thank you for this important question. Evidence based-research and best practice guidelines encourage: Let me know if you have any questions. It is also essential that there be population-based programs for LGBTQ2S youth that foster an intersectional approach, such as: Skills building and employment support. Now I'll address the 2nd part of your question re: I'd like to personally challenge everyone online and who reads this post: Thank you everyone for your questions today.
We will also have a French translation of this thread available here at a later date. Take care of yourselves. People need to learn the courage to accept themselves. The world can not reject you, unless you first reject yourself. Mindset, creates perception, which creates reality. Did I let the cat out of the bag??? Humans learn by modeling. The mind is a 20 billion dollar tool. Its just perception, resulting from mindset.
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