William marked it as to-read Nov 02, Eve marked it as to-read May 13, Yoko marked it as to-read May 10, Ammar Abdulhamid marked it as to-read Jul 30, Michelle marked it as to-read Aug 11, Steph Moyer marked it as to-read Sep 05, Megan L marked it as to-read Oct 09, Carly marked it as to-read Oct 09, Homeless4ever marked it as to-read Oct 20, Jon added it Nov 11, Jamie Gilbert marked it as to-read Feb 06, Ludesfactor marked it as to-read Mar 08, Deborah marked it as to-read Apr 22, Margaret is currently reading it Jun 14, Donna Waite marked it as to-read Aug 24, Beiza added it Sep 10, Anthony R Menichini marked it as to-read Feb 09, Ruth Downie added it Feb 18, When in the Great Syrian Revolt in the Hauran spread to Damascus, the French suppressed with heavy weaponry, bombing and shelling the city on 9 May As a result, the area of the old city between Al-Hamidiyah Souq and Medhat Pasha Souq was burned to the ground, with many deaths, and has since then been known as al-Hariqa "the fire".
The old city was surrounded with barbed wire to prevent rebels infiltrating from the Ghouta , and a new road was built outside the northern ramparts to facilitate the movement of armored cars. The French agreed to withdraw in , thus leading to the full independence of Syria.
Damascus remained the capital.
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By January , clashes between the regular army and rebels reached the outskirts of Damascus, reportedly preventing people from leaving or reaching their houses, especially when security operations there intensified from the end of January into February. By June , bullets and shrapnel shells smashed into homes in Damascus overnight as troops battled the Free Syrian Army in the streets. At least three tank shells slammed into residential areas in the central Damascus neighborhood of Qaboun, according to activists.
Intense exchanges of assault-rifle fire marked the clash, according to residents and amateur video posted online. The Damascus suburb of Ghouta suffered heavy bombing in December and a further wave of bombing started in February , also known as Rif Dimashq Offensive. The historical role that Damascus played as an important trade center has changed in recent years due to political development in the region as well as the development of modern trade.
The tourism industry in Damascus has a lot of potential, however the current civil war has hampered these prospects. The abundance of cultural wealth in Damascus has been modestly employed since the late s with the development of many accommodation and transportation establishments and other related investments. Damascus is home to a wide range of industrial activity, such as textile, food processing , cement and various chemical industries.
The Damascus stock exchange formally opened for trade in March , and the exchange is the only stock exchange in Syria. Its final home is to be the upmarket business district of Yaafur. The estimated population of Damascus in was 1,, Damascus is the centre of an over-crowded metropolitan area with an estimated population of 5 million. The city's growth rate is higher than Syria as a whole, primarily due to rural-urban migration and the influx of young Syrian migrants drawn by employment and educational opportunities. The vast majority of Damascenes are Syrian Arabs.
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The Kurds are the largest ethnic minority, with a population of approximately , Among the city's minorities is a small Palestinian community. Islam is the dominant religion. Alawites live primarily in the Mezzeh districts of Mezzeh 86 and Sumariyah. It is believed that there are more than mosques in Damascus, the most well-known being the Umayyad Mosque. At the suburb of Soufanieh a series of apparitions of the Virgin Mary have reportedly been observed between and This church is independent of the Middle Eastern-based Syriac Orthodox Church in Damascus and has its own leadership and structure in India, although both practice the same or similar denomination of Christianity.
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There was a small Jewish community namely in what is called Haret al-Yahud the Jewish quarter. They are the remnants of an ancient and much larger Jewish presence in Syria , dating back at least to Roman times, if not before to the time of King David. The Syriac Catholic cathedral. The Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque. Sufism throughout the second half of the 20th century has been an influential current in the Sunni religious practises, particularly in Damascus.
The largest women-only and girls-only Muslim movement in the world happens to be Sufi-oriented and is based in Damascus, led by Munira al-Qubaysi. Syrian Sufism has its stronghold in urban regions such as Damascus, where it also established political movements such as Zayd, with the help of a series of mosques , and clergy such as Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi , Sa'id Hawwa , Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri and Muhammad al-Yaqoubi.
Damascus has a wealth of historical sites dating back to many different periods of the city's history. Since the city has been built up with every passing occupation, it has become almost impossible to excavate all the ruins of Damascus that lie up to 2. The Damascus Straight Street referred to in the account of the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9: At the end of the Bab Sharqi street, one reaches the House of Ananias , an underground chapel that was the cellar of Ananias 's house.
The Umayyad Mosque , also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus, is one of the largest mosques in the world and also one of the oldest sites of continuous prayer since the rise of Islam. A shrine in the mosque is said to contain the body of St.
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The mausoleum where Saladin was buried is located in the gardens just outside the mosque. Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque , the shrine of the youngest daughter of Husayn ibn Ali , can also be found near the Umayyad Mosque. The ancient district of Amara is also within a walking distance from these sites. Another heavily visited site is Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque , where the tomb of Zaynab bint Ali is located. All other remaining members of Imam Husain's family left alive after Karbala along with heads of all other companions, who were killed at Karbala, were also brought to Damascus.
These members were kept as prisoners on the outskirts of the city near Bab al-Saghir , where the other heads were kept at the same location, now called "Raous-us-sohda-e-karbala", visited by all Shias. There is a qibla place of worship marked at the place, where Imam Ali-Zain-ul-Abedin used to pray while in captivity. The Harat Al Yehud [93] or Jewish Quarter is a recently restored historical tourist destination popular among Europeans before the outbreak of civil war. Vacationers can enjoy the neighborhood and scenic ancient homes abandoned by the completely departed Syrian Jewish community.
The Old City of Damascus with an approximate area of There are seven extant city gates, the oldest of which dates back to the Roman period. These are, clockwise from the north of the citadel:. Other areas outside the walled city also bear the name "gate": Due to the rapid decline of the population of Old Damascus between and about 30, people moved out of the old city for more modern accommodation , [97] a growing number of buildings are being abandoned or are falling into disrepair. In October , Global Heritage Fund named Damascus one of 12 cultural heritage sites most "on the verge" of irreparable loss and destruction.
Damascus is the main center of education in Syria. It is home to Damascus University , which is the oldest and largest university in Syria. After the enactment of legislation allowing private higher institutions, several new universities were established in the city and in the surrounding area, including:. Before the beginning of the Syrian civil war, the Airport had connectivity to many Asian, European, African, and, South American cities. Streets in Damascus are often narrow, especially in the older parts of the city, and speed bumps are widely used to limit the speed of vehicles.
Public transport in Damascus depends extensively on minibuses. There are about one hundred lines that operate inside the city and some of them extend from the city center to nearby suburbs. There is no schedule for the lines, and due to the limited number of official bus stops, buses will usually stop wherever a passenger needs to get on or off.
The number of buses serving the same line is relatively high, which minimizes the waiting time. Lines are not numbered, rather they are given captions mostly indicating the two end points and possibly an important station along the line and Taxicab. The station is now defunct and the tracks have been removed, but there still is a ticket counter and a shuttle to Damacus Kadam station in the south of the city, which now functions as the main railway station.
In , the government announced a plan to construct a Damascus Metro with opening time for the green line scheduled for A four-line metro network is expected be in operation by Damascus was chosen as the Arab Capital of Culture. Damascus appears in the videogame Assassin's Creed.
Popular sports include football , basketball , swimming, tennis, table tennis, equestrian and chess. Many Other sport clubs are located in several districts of the city: The fifth and the seventh Pan Arab Games were held in Damascus in and respectively. The city also has a modern golf course located near the Ebla Cham Palace Hotel at the southeastern outskirts of Damascus. Damascus has quite busy midnights. Coffeehouses, where —in addition to Arabic coffee and tea— nargileh water pipes are served, proliferate Damascus.
Tishreen Park is one of the largest parks in Damascus. It is home to the annual Damascus Flower Show. The city's famous Ghouta oasis is also a weekend-destination for recreation. Many recreation centres operate in the city including sport clubs, swimming pools and golf courses. The Syrian Arab Horse Association in Damascus offers a wide range of activities and services for horse breeders and riders. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Damascus disambiguation. Names of Damascus in different languages. Damascus Eyalet and Syria Vilayet. French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon. The Chapel of Saint Paul. Ancient City of Damascus. Damascus portal Syria portal. University of California Press. A Historical Geography , London , p, No. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Arabic in the City: Issues in Dialect Contact and Language Variation. Retrieved 14 August The Rough Guide to Syria. The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: Retrieved 17 July The Religion of the Nabataeans: Archived from the original PDF on Their past, present and future.
Retrieved 1 August Retrieved 26 November Retrieved 26 April National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Neolithic of the Levant. Retrieved 25 November Retrieved 19 September Image of the Day". Retrieved 5 April Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire. Chronology, Mission Strategy, Theology Wm. Coinage in Roman Syria: A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. John Gillingham, , pp. A New History of the Crusades.
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The Leper King and his Heirs: The Later Crusades, —, ed. University of Wisconsin Press, , pp. A Beautifully Reproduced World. Published in , Seven Pillars of knowledge tells the tale of the Arab rebellion of throughout the eyes of the soldier who may publication a spot in background because the nice Lawrence of Arabia. As a story of warfare and event. Lawrence over the sting of the area. Download e-book for iPad: Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf: Power Politics in by Faisal bin Salman al-Saud.
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The long British imperial presence had assured a chronic balance for the Gulf unequalled in other places within the quarter.