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Spanish playing cards - Wikipedia
Retrieved 16 August The Supercopa de Espana will be a one-legged match on August 12". Retrieved 24 July National team U U U Copa de la Reina. Retrieved from " https: Pages using deprecated image syntax. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. In December , card games were banned from being played in Barcelona 's corn exchange. Valencia 's town council issued a blanket ban on un novell joch apellat dels naips a new game called cards in The removal of one rank shortened the deck to 48 which made card production simpler: Since the midth century, they have usually been sold with two comodines Jokers , for a total of 50 cards.
Stripped decks have 40 cards and lack ranks 8, 9 and comodines. The popularity of the stripped deck is due to game of Ombre , which became a craze throughout Europe during the 17th century. The Spanish suits closely resemble Italian-suited cards as both were derived from the Arab cards. The four suits are bastos clubs , oros literally "golds", that is, golden coins , copas cups and espadas swords.
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Unlike the suits found in northern Italy, Spanish swords are straight and the clubs resemble knobbly cudgels instead of ceremonial batons. Swords and clubs also do not intersect except in the 3 of clubs card.
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The Spanish may have separated the pips in the 15th century to make them more easily distinguishable some export cards kept the intersecting pips, see "Extinct Portuguese pattern" below. The cups have one interruption, the swords two, the clubs three, and the gold none. This mark is called " la pinta " and gave rise to the expression: La pinta first appeared around the midth century. Like the Italian-suited tarot , the Baraja is used for both game playing and cartomancy.
The Baraja has been widely considered to be part of the occult in many Latin American countries, yet they continue to be used widely for card games and gambling, especially in Spain. The three face cards of each suit have pictures similar to the jack, queen, and king in the French deck, and rank identically. There are instances of historical decks having both caballo and reina queen , the caballo being of lower value than queen.
These decks have no numbers in the figure values, not even letters as in the French deck. Reversible face cards exist but are not popular. It is also possible to find card French decks with Spanish pictures. These have English corner indices which means the Knight will have the Queen's "Q" index. Historically, Spain was split into several independent states. Even after these states began sharing the same monarchy, they maintained their own separate parliaments, laws, and taxes for several centuries.
In the 16th century, Spain became the first country to tax playing cards. The various regions and states kept track of the taxes they were owed by requiring producers, who were often monopolies estanco , to conform to a regional pattern for cards sold locally.
Spanish playing cards
Spain and France exported cards to each other, which explains why the kings and jacks in French-suited face cards resemble their Spanish counterparts, notably the standing kings. There was some deliberate copying; the king of coins from the Seville and Franco-Spanish patterns is near identical to the king of hearts in the French-suited Rouen pattern, which was exported to England and through centuries of bad reproduction became known as the "suicide king".
Latin-suited cards with cups, swords, coins and clubs like in Spain were also used in Portugal until the late 19th and early 20th centuries when these cards were abandoned in favour of the French deck. Both conventions mentioned above are also practiced in Malta which once used Portuguese-suited decks. The Aces featured dragons, the kings were seated, and the knaves were all distinctly female.
The closest living relative of the Portuguese deck is the Sicilian Tarot which has these features minus the Aces. The extinct Minchiate deck also shared some features. This system was believed to have originated in Spain as an export pattern. Instead of using la pinta , these decks used abbreviations as indices at the top and sometimes also the bottom of the card.
A difference between the Portuguese and "Italo-Portuguese" patterns was that the Portuguese decks lacked rank 10 pip cards like the Spanish patterns, while "Italo-Portuguese" decks have them like northern Italian patterns. The Portuguese spread their cards to Brazil [21] [22] and Java [23] where they were also abandoned in favor of the French deck.
Standard patterns are card designs in the public domain that have been printed by multiple publishers in the past or present. Decks with 50 cards have two jokers.
The Castilian pattern is the most widespread pattern in Spain. It was designed and published by Heraclio Fournier in and by the early 20th century had displaced the older patterns in Spain. Despite being called Castilian, the cards were first produced in Fournier's headquarters in Vitoria-Gasteiz , the capital of the Basque Country. Figures wear fantastic pseudo-medieval costumes. Decks come in packs of 40 or 50 cards. The Mexican pattern was derived from the Castilian in by Clemente Jacques. The Spanish National pattern, also known as the Old Catalan pattern, emerged in the 17th century from Barcelona and was chosen as the national and export pattern by the Real Fabrica monopoly during the late 18th century.
After the collapse of the Real Fabrica during the Peninsular War , the pattern in its pure form ceased printing in its native country but led to the birth of the various daughter patterns described below. Usually, the knave of coins features a goat originally a dog tethered to a pole in the background like in the Parisian Spanish pattern. They are found in decks of 40 or 48 cards. It uses the old golden chalice of the Spanish National pattern and the knight of cups has the archaic inscription "AHI VA" printed on it.
Kings wear long robes that expose their feet while lower courts have puffy shoulders and quilted trousers. They are found in decks of 40 or 50 cards. The Modern Spanish Catalan pattern is the second most widespread pattern in Spain and is very common in Hispanic America. Kings' robes are parted to expose their calves. Court figures are clean-shaven but in the Comas sub-type all kings have mustaches. In the Guarro sub-type, the kings of cups and swords have beards, their knights and the knave of swords have mustaches.
They come in decks of 40 or 50 cards. The French Catalan pattern also emerged from the Spanish National pattern. Kings wear long robes that completely obscure their legs and feet. As of , Ducale, a subsidiary of Cartamundi 's France Cartes, is the last producer of this pattern. They sell them in decks of 48 cards, that is, no jokers. In the oldest decks, female knights were featured.
The three lowest club cards also have Aluette styled arrows. A hand is holding the Ace of Clubs in a manner reminiscent of the Tarot de Marseille. Sometimes, the four of coins depict a sea monster in the middle like some Spanish National decks. The knave of coins features a dog tied to a pole. They are sold in decks of 40 or 50 cards. The Franco-Spanish pattern was the pattern that existed and was used throughout France possibly before the invention of French suits.
It retains many archaic features that are no longer found in most patterns like a six-pointed star on the Four of Coins or the Catholic Monarchs kissing on the Five of Coins. The Ace of Coins has a large eagle like many Spanish decks found in Italy. It comes in decks of 48 cards. As of , Grimaud, another subsidiary of Cartamundi's France Cartes, is the last manufacturer of this deck.
Since , Grimaud has added game hierarchy indices because the Aluette game does not rely on the face value of the cards. The Piacentine pattern is the northernmost of the Spanish-suited patterns found in Italy and along with the Neapolitan, one of the most popular. It is also the only pattern that is regularly sold with reversible face cards. Piacenza was ruled by Spanish Bourbons like in Sicily and Naples but the reason that the region has uses Spanish suits is because French occupying forces brought Aluette decks in the late 18th century.