Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. His baptismal name was John, but he took the name Robert when he became king. From , the incapacity of his father left John responsible for the administration of justice; but in he himself was incapacitated by a kick from a horse, and his brother Robert, earl of Fife, was made guardian, an office which he continued to hold for a year or two after John's accession in as Robert III.
Robert was faced in with a struggle for power between Fife, created duke of Albany in that year, and the king's year-old son David, created at the same time duke of Rothesay , and appointed in his turn lieutenant for a period of three years. Rothesay proved energetic, but his energy aroused hostility. In he was removed from office in a coup evidently organized by Albany and the earl of Douglas , and died in captivity shortly after.
Robert III could do nothing to check the power of these nobles, despite the disastrous result of a battle which they provoked against the English at Homildon Hill 14 September In he tried to send his remaining son James b. Robert's death followed almost immediately on the shock of the news.
Robert III
Robert III , ? Known before his accession as John, earl of Carrick, he ruled for his father until , when, having been crippled by a horse, he was supplanted by his brother Robert see Stuart, Robert, 1st duke of Albany. The latter continued as virtual ruler after Robert III came to the throne.
War with England during his reign was marked by Henry IV 's invasion of Scotland and a retaliatory expedition into England, led by Archibald Douglas , 4th earl of Douglas, that met defeat at Homildon Hill The duke of Albany is thought to have been responsible for the death of the king's eldest son, David Stuart , duke of Rothesay, in Print this article Print all entries for this topic Cite this article. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Modern Language Association http: The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.
Copyright The Columbia University Press. Andrew Barrell in his book Medieval Scotland puts forward that the first two Stewart kings, "had difficulty in asserting themselves, partly because their dynasty was new to kingship and needed to establish itself". Grant puts this into perspective and writes that it is notable that Robert III's reign could have been worse compared to the turmoil and violence experienced in England and France when ruled by weak kings.
Even on Robert's death, Scotland didn't descend into open civil war but was restricted to positioning among the royal family and its magnate groupings. The benefits of this were outweighed by the disadvantages—alienated lands reduced crown income, endowments had the same effect, the estates granted to nobles and church often in regality led to a loss of royal attendance within these territories and contributed to a diminishment of authority. Michael Lynch suggests that the earlier 20th century historians made hasty evaluations of both Robert II and Robert III, when they characterised them as "pathetically weak personalities" and their reigns as "nineteen years of senility and sixteen of infirmity".
Lynch also makes the point that the complaints made in the later chronicles of lawlessness and disturbance in the country was mainly confined to the north with the king's brother Alexander, lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan at its root. The death of John, lord of the Isles heralded a state of dissension between the lordship and the crown that was to last for two generations and which even Robert III's successor James I was unable to deal with properly.
The unruliness of northern Scotland was the result of competing factions within the royal family—Lynch suggests that the weakness in kingship before "can be exaggerated", citing Buchan's enforced appearance at Robert III's council to answer for his incendiary attack on Elgin and its cathedral, and Albany's obtainment of a submission from the lord of the Isles. In Stephen Boardman's The Early Stewart Kings , the younger Robert, then John, Earl of Carrick, is shown to be an energetic ambitious man and fully engaged in the running of the country, at the centre of Anglo-Scottish diplomacy, and who became the pre-eminent magnate in Scotland and whose political importance south of the Forth would eclipse that of his father's.
That same year Carrick lost the lieutenancy to his brother Robert Earl of Fife, that was, Boardman suggests, a blow to the future king's standing and one from which he would not fully recover.
As a result, Robert III's brothers refused to act simply as liegemen to the king. Robert III, already weakened by council when he ascended the throne, was in the end completely subordinated to the magnatial power of Albany and Douglas. Robert III has been depicted in historical novels.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In diebus illis non erat lex in Scocia fed quilibet potencior minorem oppressit et totum regnum fuit unum latrocinium. Homicidia depredaciones et incendia et cetera maleficia remanserunt inpunita et justicia utlegata extra regni terminos exulavit.
Timeline for King Robert III of Scotland
In those days there was no law in Scotland, but the strong oppressed the weak, and the whole kingdom was one den of thieves. Homicides, robberies, fire-raisings, and other misdeeds remained unpunished, and justice seemed banished beyond the kingdom's bounds. His body wes had than to Paslay, And wes entyrit in that Abbay, The quhilk his elderis devotely, Fondyt, and dowyt rechely. His body was taken to Paisley, And was interred in that Abbey, The which his forefathers devoutly, Founded, and endowed richly. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland 8.
Robert III
James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland Cecilia de Dunbar Robert II of Scotland Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale Robert I of Scotland Marjorie, Countess of Carrick 5. Domhnall I, Earl of Mar Isabella of Mar Helen, daughter of Llywelyn the Great 1. Robert III of Scotland Sir Archibald Mure of Rowallan William Mure of Rowallan Margaret de Montgomery 6.
Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan William Lindsay 1st of Craigie Ronald Mure of Pokellie 7. Janet Mure of Pokellie. A New History , p. Registum Moravienses , p. Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern 1st ed.
Robert III of Scotland - Wikipedia
Parliament and Politics In Scotland — , Vol. Crown, Lordship and Community , Edinburgh: A Complete Genealogy , London: Illegitimate Charlotte, Duchess of Albany. Contemporary rulers of Robert III. Pictish and Scottish monarchs. Mormaers or earls of Carrick.
Robert III of Scotland
Adam of Kilconquhar ; 2. Retrieved from " https: Scottish princes House of Stuart Earls or mormaers of Carrick s births deaths 14th-century Scottish monarchs 15th-century Scottish monarchs. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 12 August , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland. Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland. Robert II of Scotland. Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale.