Candle that emits a certain scent when burning. Synonyms and antonyms of Duftkerze in the German dictionary of synonyms.
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Examples of use in the German literature, quotes and news about Duftkerze. Duftkerzen gibt es zwar im Handel zu kaufen, Wir haben auch Duftkerzen in derselben Farbe, die einen angenehmen Raufduft verbreiten nach nur ein paar Minuten. Am Wochenende die Fenster putzen. Heute Nacht, nach dem Abschreiben der Schulordnung, die Lukas konnte den Duft nicht genau definieren. Koka verlangte nach mehrYlangYlang, was immer das auch sein mochte.
Boko Haram is frontally opposed to Western civilisation, and to the secularisation of the Nigerian state. It also aims to establish an Islamic state caliphate in northern Nigeria Adibe In , it radicalised its actions Adibe, and by had become a powerful insurgent organisation carrying out violent attacks against civilian populations Assessment Capacities Project, Since the radicalisation of Boko Haram in , attacks against civilians have been increasingly deadly.
Between and , the actions carried out by Boko Haram militants have led to the death of over 1, individuals in northern Nigeria Integrated Regional Information Networks, In , the conflict accelerated once again See Annex 4 , with Boko Haram multipli- ying large-scale abductions from the start of the year. In the second half of the year, attacks multiplied, with Boko Haram believed to have killed more than 10, people in , most of them massacred during raids carried out in the rural northeastern region Alfred, Violence is also now threatening to spill over into neighbouring countries such as Cameroon Alfred, Despite the rise of Boko Haram, other forms of violence have not disappeared.
Desertification Desertification is likely to be the biggest environmental problem for northern Nigeria. Desertification has been defined by the United Nations as a process of land degradation in dry areas resulting from various factors, including human activi- ties and climate variations MacCauley, It has a marked adverse effect on crop and livestock production, and is recognised as a driver of migration in northern Nigeria IDMC, The Sahara desert currently already covers a third of the national territory, and is advancing at a rate of 0.
This century, two-thirds of the 11 following states could become desert areas: The relationship between forests and agricultural fields is important: Insufficient levels of soil nutrients pose a serious risk to crop productivity, comparable to decreasing rainfall levels MacCauley, In northern Nigeria the soil has traditionally been suitable for the cultivation of numerous crops, such as sorghum, rice, corn, millet, cowpeas and soybeans. But with less and less iron in the soil, crop production will be affected.
Degrading weather conditions The north of Nigeria is a semi arid zone consisting mostly of savannah, with low rainfall levels Mohammed, Some studies have reported that the rain episodes in West Africa were sensitive to deforestation MacCauley, Following that analysis, the decline in rainfall levels is likely to be related to the decrease in forest surface in northern Nigeria. The steady decline in annual rainfall has been accompanied by a shortening of the rainy season, which lasted 5 months 30 years ago, and lasts only 4 months nowadays Conroy, Throughout the whole Sahel region, overall temperatures have been on the rise over the past decades See Annex 5 United Nations Environment Programme, Exposure to floods While desertification, deforestation, decreasing yields and degrading weather condi- tions can be labelled as slow-onset events, floods can be qualified as sudden disas- ters.
Flood episodes result in the destruction of roads, bridges, farmlands and infrastructure Etuonovbe, , and also provoke large- scale population displacements. In northern Nigeria more specifically, floods have been more frequent and more intense United Nations Environment Programme, In September , heavy rainfall pushed local authorities to open the Challawa and Tiga dams in the state of Kano, in order to relieve the water pressure put on them.
In the state of Sokoto in the same month, a massive flood submerged around 50 villages, and forced over , Nigerians to flee Etuonovbe, Northern Nigeria is a region characterised by endemic poverty and underdevel- opment. Furthermore, the gap between the north and the south of the country is widening. Violence is widespread in northern Nigeria, in particular because of the conflict between governmental authorities and the insurgent group Boko Haram. In addition, the region is becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change and environmental hazards.
In , the explosion of violence in northern Nigeria, asso- ciated with underlying economic, political and environmental problems, led to massive population movements. The following section will neither focus on the traditional conflicts fueled by religious, ethnic or regional divisions and tensions, which have regularly caused displacement movements across Nigeria IDMC, Rather, the purpose of the following analysis is to assess the exceptional migrations that occurred in in Northern Nigeria.
The 12 states ruled by Sharia law in Nigeria Source: The difficulty of obtaining reliable and accurate information on displacement At the local and national levels, there is little capacity to collect data on displacement movements within Nigeria IDMC, Functioning monitoring institutions are lacking in Nigeria, and no accurate figures are released regarding levels of displace- ment in the country IDMC, Independent estimates provided by international organisations are generally lacking IDMC, When data is collected, the quality of information is limited, because data on displacement is only occasionally disaggregated by sex, age or location IDMC, The Nigerian Red Cross Society, for example, collects information through volunteers and its local branches, but is not able to maintain a national and centralised database IDMC, Even though they constitute the vast majority of IDPs, individuals living in host communities with relatives are not counted, and there is almost no available data concerning them IDMC, Intensity of the conflict against Boko Haram across Nigeria Source: Moreover, estimates rarely collect information on return movements, when migrants come back to their homes IDMC, In the absence of comprehensive and consistent data, key patterns of displacement cannot be identified and understood IDMC, As a result, the right policy responses cannot be designed and implemented IDMC, Quantifying the number of IDPs in Northern Nigeria in Despite all of the aforementioned limitations, there is some available informa- tion circulating on how many Nigerians were displaced in the northern part of the country in Data has to be carefully considered, and cannot be entirely trusted.
However, numbers are useful to give an order of magnitude of what happened in the north of Nigeria in The number of Nigerians who had to flee is consider- able: The number of people being displaced seems to have steadily increased in During the first nine months of the year, NEMA reported around 1. Christos Stylianides, who is charge of humanitarian aid and crisis management at the European Commission, said in December that 1.
The migration crisis is not only internal, and has spilled over to neighbouring countries: Geographic impacts of Boko Haram attacks in Source: Assessment Capacities Project, Project, At the same time, at least 10, people migrated to Chad, and at least 35, to Cameroon Assessment Capacities Project, As a result, at least , Nigerians sought asylum in neighbouring countries. And this trend seems to have continued, with more than 10, migrants arriving in Western Chad from Nigeria during the first two weeks of January Alfred, Yet once again, the scale of displacement movements is likely to have been largely underestimated.
For instance, Monique Barbut, the current Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, has stated22 that in alone, migration movements in northern Nigeria accounted for around 7 million people, mostly migrating east towards the Lake Chad region. With that number in mind, it is likely that signifi- cantly more than 1 million, or even 1. Seasonal evolution of temperatures in the Sahel region, from to Source: United Nations Environment Programme, 2. Assessing displacement patterns in Northern Nigeria Even though data collection is difficult, which may prevent an in-depth analysis of the recent displacement patterns in northern Nigeria, a few trends can be discerned: Such a trend is not new, and has been observed during previous conflicts, for instance when religious clashes occurred in IDMC, Indeed, many civilians pre-emptively fled the areas likely to be disputed both by insurgents and by the military IDMC, —— Since both Islamist militants and government soldiers are trying to control roads, many migrants chose to avoid those roads, and were forced into forests, where some of them lost their way, and suffered from hunger and thirst.
Furthermore, in some cases, the military targeted migrants, taking them for Islamist insurgents on the move IDMC, Despite the difficulty of obtaining accurate data on recent displacements in Nigeria, it appears that was marked by massive population movements in northern Nigeria and in the Lake Chad region.
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Migration patterns cannot be assessed in detail due to the lack of reliable information, however some key trends have been identified, in particular the importance of host communities, the rural-urban nature of movements, the existence of trapped populations, and the significant role played by the Nigerian counterinsurgency. Such massive population displacements have led to a situation of humanitarian emergency, with very limited policy responses. Inability of national, local and international institutions to address the current migration crisis NEMA is the federal institution in charge of responding to the immediate needs of displaced groups IDMC, It only started to work on a plan preparing for future displacements in June , with the looming perspective of the presi- dential elections IDMC, The initiative is laudable, yet it might have come too late regarding the current crisis.
In , its mandate was expanded in order to include IDPs. More generally, national responses to displacements tend to be uncoordinated and inadequate. Ministries, agencies, and departments involved in displacement policies tend to compete with each other for the same pools of money, which are moreover very limited IDMC, The SEMAs have varying capabilities, and responses to displacement differ significantly from state to state, with an absence of coordination IDMC, Lastly, foreign donors have been reluctant to contribute to the financing effort of migration policies, given the size and growth of the phenomenon but also the corruption characterising Nigeria.
As a result, foreign financial contribu- tions targeting the displacement crisis remain low IDMC, International Organization for Migration, Figure 7. Underlying problems hampering the efficiency of migration policies Local, national and international responses to migration movements within Nigeria have generally proved insufficient and inadequate for several reasons.
Assis- tance has tended to be based on short-term perspectives, and has not targeted the medium to long-term reconstruction of livelihoods among impacted populations, which is nevertheless a necessary step to consider IDMC, Both the interna- tional community and the Nigerian authorities have focused almost exclusively on northeastern Nigeria, with an emphasis on emergency response.
Such a short-term approach has prevented a precise understanding of the root causes of displacement, which is a necessary step in order to design and implement durable solutions for IDPs IDMC, In addition, the Nigerian government has focused its responses on disaster management mechanisms, which do not address all aspects of the issue of recent displacements in northern Nigeria.
Many tools implemented by the govern- ment target migrants living in camps, but that response is inadequate, given that the vast majority of IDPs live in host communities IDMC, Migration policies are also affected by the militarisation of the crisis, given that government counterin- surgency operations have led to further instability and displacement in the north- eastern part of Nigeria IDMC, A situation of humanitarian emergency that is worsening The northeastern region of Nigeria, which hosts the largest number of IDPs, is in desperate need of additional support given the dire humanitarian situation.
These problems are multidimensional, with several overlapping crises: Given that federal and state authorities have restricted access to roads and have implemented many security measures, rural transport and markets have been disrupted, which has exacerbated food insecurity IDMC, In some areas of northern Nigeria, there has been no harvest and no planting for the past 3 years Alfred, Cases of malnutrition have increased in zones affected by displacement IDMC, Without substantial humanitarian support, it is believed that up to 3 million people will have to cope with food insecurity in Nigeria in July Assessment Capacities Project, —— Disease outbreaks: Cholera cases among migrants and host populations in northeastern Nigeria reached 26, cases and led to more than deaths between January and July , which can be compared to less than cases over the same period of time the previous year IDMC, In addition, most healthcare facilities located in the northeastern region were closed in mid, because of the ongoing conflict IDMC, —— Education crisis: Many schools have been shut down around schools in Taraba state, for example , and those schools that remain open are quite empty, since many children do not go to school any more, for fear of attacks and abductions IDMC, —— Housing crisis: Makeshift camps are quickly over- crowded and become inadequate.
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In some extreme cases, migrants with no access to safe shelter have to take refuge outside, in the bush IDMC, In other situ- ations, Nigerian soldiers have expelled migrants from public buildings and used the facilities for military purposes IDMC, At the same time, the homes of displaced populations are at risk of being damaged, occupied by other people, or destroyed IDMC, —— Safety issues: Their physical safety is endangered on a daily basis, with risks of various types of violence, including sexual violence. A signifi- cant number of women, and even girls, have been forced to resort to prostitution to meet their basic needs IDMC, —— Assistance crisis: Therefore, their resources and those of the host communities have to be shared, which makes both the IDPs and their hosts more vulnerable IDMC, Migrants are highly exposed to further shocks.
They often have to sell their belongings, reduce their food intake, and accumulate debts in order to survive Assessment Capacities Project, They cannot rely on their past livelihoods, because migration implies a loss of farm- land, livestock and tools IDMC, As a result, IDPs and their host commu- nities are sometimes forced into further displacement, because of sustained violence and a lack of basic resources. Community resources tend to deplete over time, and coping strategies are adversely impacted with each displacement cycle IDMC, The current humanitarian crisis in northern Nigeria is multidimensional and extremely serious.
Local, national, and international institutions have thus far been unable to resolve the problems faced by IDPs, and have established ineffective poli- cies that do not target the root causes of the crisis. In order to better understand how and why violence erupted in , followed by associated migration movements, it is necessary to examine the crucial but underestimated impact of environmental factors in this complex process.
Climate change, migration and security are three issues that intersect in northern Nigeria, and the next section will reveal how the recent migration movements have to be considered in light of the links between these three phenomena. A theoretical approach that has garnered attention The root causes of population displacement are complex, multi-faceted, and often overlapping IDMC, Climate change and environmental factors have been increasingly taken into account when analysing wars and population displacement.
It is now widely recog- nised that environmental factors play a significant role in conflicts and migration, along with social, cultural, economic and political parameters Conroy, Furthermore, climate change, conflict and migration are embedded in a web of factors with environmental, economic, social and political dimensions See Annex 7.
In , the importance of climate change impacts on other domains goes well beyond the academic sphere. The vast majority of this area consists of rural communi- ties involved in pastoral farming, crop production and nomadic pastoralism, who are thus highly dependent on the use of the land MacCauley, It appears that climate change intensifies the risks posed by environmental hazards, which gives rise to major employment and food security concerns Mohammed, Climate change does not have a uniform impact on local populations, and tends to have a more pronounced influence on groups who are already highly dependent on resources, and who are economically and socially marginalised Conroy, Climate change does not only affect natural resources, but also threatens infrastructure, such as water supply Conroy, The whole agricultural value chain is under the threat of attacks by insurgents Caulderwood, Insurgents have destroyed the production of some farmers, attacked livestock markets, and seized food supplies and livestock Alfred, Widespread insecurity has led to the shutting of many farms and markets.
As a result, the combination of environmental and security factors led to huge increases in food prices in Caulderwood, Yields have also suffered, and in , many areas were undercultivated or not harvested at all Assessment Capacities Project, In addition, demographic factors reinforce the pressure on both the agricultural sector and the environment. Displacement appears to be a result of widespread insecurity, yet the environmental dimension of the phenomenon must be taken into account.
In northern Nigeria, deci- sions to migrate are often linked to visible economic and social elements such as poverty and unemployment. However, when examining the root causes of migra- tion, environmental factors are often present in the decision to migrate Afifi, Environmental factors play a role in the decision to migrate, since environmental degradation threatens the livelihoods of people relying on natural resources in their everyday life, such as cattle herders and farmers, who form the majority of people living in northern Nigeria Afifi, In northeastern Nigeria, herdsmen have been forced to move further south in order to graze their cattle Conroy, Many poor farmers and pastoralists respond to diminishing land fertility by moving to another piece of land for grazing and cultivation, and by expanding the surface of land they use MacCauley, This urbanisation process is highly challenging, because peri-urban areas tend to expand into traditional agricultural zones, with the process of urban sprawling Conroy, The arrival of people in cities puts more pressure on urban centres, and espe- cially on the social services that the authorities are supposed to provide Conroy, However, environmental issues represent a key factor in that decision.
Growing tensions over increasingly scarce resources The connection between environmental issues, migration and conflict is deeply related to a process of increased competition over resources Conroy, As has been underlined above, climate change and natural hazards reinforce existing vulner- abilities, lead to greater water and food insecurity, and modify the availability of natural resources. These impacts increase migratory pressure, but they also give rise to greater competition for resources, growing tensions, and levels of conflict United Nations Environment Programme, Climate change and environmental risks intensify resource scarcity for everyone, and deplete natural capital Conroy, In that perspective, it is especially relevant to focus on the pastoralist-farmer tensions in northern Nigeria: Because of changing weather patterns, cattle are now migrating not only during the dry season, but also throughout the whole year.
At the same time, pastoralists lack access to grazing lands, especially because farms are getting bigger and grazing routes are not protected Conroy, As a result, land degradation and land expansion are leading to conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in northern Nigeria, who are fighting for the same pool of resources: Fair resource management is more and more difficult, and land use is becoming a highly disputed space.
Large-scale movements of people fuelled by resource scarcity, population growth, and socioeconomic inequalities are likely to increase the risk of violence in host communities and in cities Conroy, This is an important point, as it shows that in northern Nigeria conflicts are often misrepre- sented as religious or ethnic clashes, whereas their root causes are related to strug- gles over the control of land and to the tensions created by population displace- ment Conroy, When addressing the issue of the migration movements in northern Nigeria, land is a parameter that cannot be underestimated.
Using the environment-migration-conflict nexus to analyse the migra- tion movements in northern Nigeria is very instructive, since it reveals certain key elements that would not otherwise be obvious, especially regarding the role played by environmental factors. Climate change and natural risks have a visible and direct impact on the agricultural sector and on the livelihoods of the majority of the population.
However, their influence on stability and security is more distant, even though it exists Conroy, In northern Nigeria, environmental issues exacerbate violence and cause migration movements, underlining the fact that natural factors have massive consequences in terms of security, and have to be taken into account when addressing violence and migration in northern Nigeria in In the same year it was also estimated that 9 million people were affected by violence, with 3 million in urgent need of humanitarian assistance Assessment Capacities Project, The adverse effects of climate change became more pronounced, and environmental degradation worsened.
At the same time, Boko Haram does not seem to be collapsing, and continues to carry out deadly attacks in the region. As a result, improving the humanitarian situation in northern Nigeria repre- sents a daunting task for the Nigerian authorities. In this perspective, a few sugges- tions could be considered: Education is necessary, especially given that children and young adults who are not educated are more likely to be recruited by violent groups Assessment Capacities Project, Supporting host communities could be especially helpful in preventing further displacement, and reducing the possi- bility of conflict between migrants and host populations.
Improved data collec- tion is crucial in order to better understand displacement patterns and to design appropriate policy responses IOM, More durable approaches that do not solely focus on the short term are necessary in order to promote the sustain- able reintegration of displaced groups. Moreover, more dialogue has to take place with neighbouring countries at the regional level, given that displacement move- ments in northern Nigeria cross national borders United Nations Environment Programme, Lastly, the potential positive role of migration must be recog- nised, especially as a climate change adaptation strategy.
Alleviating poverty, providing jobs, and building infrastructure is essential. There is a sizeable opportunity for the government in northern Nigeria to implement green growth programmes United Nations Environment Programme, Green growth implies a comprehensive framework, where economic growth, the reduction of socioeconomic inequali- ties, human well-being, and the protection of the environment are reconciled.
In this perspective, climate change adaptation can be used as a programme to favour socioeconomic development —— Climate change adaptation should not only be a policy priority, but should also be translated into concrete programmes and projects. The Nigerian Ministry of Envi- ronment has, for example, promoted the Great Green Wall project, an initia- tive proposed by the African Union, aiming to limit desertification through the planting of 1, kilometres of vegetation in the Sahel region Conroy, The project seems promising, however only a fraction of the funds pledged have been delivered thus far IDMC, Climate change adaptation strategies have to be conflict and migration-sensitive, which means that adaptation programs have to mitigate the drivers of conflict and migration United Nations Environment Programme, —— Climate change adaptation, migration policies, and conflict management programmes require increased funding.
At the national level, better redistri- bution of oil revenues is necessary, with a reduction of corruption in order to free up additional funding. Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Human Desertification in northern Nigeria: Penguin Books, Revised Edition. Development Report Nigeria Causes and implications for national London.
Achieving growth with equity. Peak Journal of Social New York. Sciences and Humanities 3 S2: Washington Environment and Conflicts in Nigeria. Land conflicts 6 S1: Center —— Alfred, Charlotte. FIG Working Week Rising Dangers and Policy Options Internal Displacement in West —— Caulderwood, Kathleen. Project on Internal Displacement. Why The Poorest Suffer Most. New York Washington, DC. Boko Haram violence await aid. International Organization for Migration.
Economic or —— International Organization for Environmental Migration? Multiple displacement Migration 49 S1: Les origines et la Migration. Geneva violence continues to cause internal Nigeria. Typology, Spatial —— Pandey, Avaneesh. In International Business Times.
Livelihood Security human-related and climatic factors. Science and Technology 8 S5: The country is highly vulnerable to natural hazards of all types — cyclones, tornadoes, storm surges, droughts, floods, earthquakes, riverbank erosion, and landslides. Floods are the most common natural hazard affecting Bangladesh, with about 20 million people present in zones subject to flooding Gemenne et al. Indeed, the majority of Bangla- desh is made up of low-lying floodplains, and the country is crossed by more than waterways which bring water from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south.
For instance sea-level rise, caused by global warming, is already threat- ening major urban areas, infrastructure, livelihoods, food production and access to drinking water PIK As this study will examine, environmental factors — natural disasters and slow onset events — are a major cause of migration from rural to urban areas, which can be qualified as a coping strategy in a context of high economic hardship in rural Bang- ladesh. When taking into account climate change and the growing urban economy in the country, continued rural-urban migration — both temporary and permanent — seems inevitable Walsham , p.
Today, Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of urbanization and rural-urban migration is the most important factor behind it Uddin and Firoj , p.
Translation of «Duftkerze» into 25 languages
Massive migration to urban areas leads to rapid and unplanned urbanization in cities such as the capital Dhaka, and has emerged as an important subject of concern because of its negative economic, social, environ- mental and human health impacts. This paper aims to analyse the phenomenon of rural-urban migration in Bang- ladesh, using the floods as a case study. The objective is first to describe the floods that occurred in August and September in the country, and to examine their consequences, notably in terms of rural-urban migration.
The paper will subse- quently evaluate the features of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh, the impacts it triggers and the policies that could be implemented to cope with this phenomenon. Flooding is the result of a complex series of factors, the two most important of which are the increased inflow of water from upstream catchment areas caused by heavy monsoon rainfall, and the low floodplain gradient. Different combinations of these factors give rise to different types of flooding Ahmed and Mirza, These flash floods are sudden and last only from a few hours to a few days.
They typically occur between June and August, and vary from year to year depending on the water levels in the rivers that control drainage from the land. For instance, the major flood in in northwest Bangladesh was mainly caused by excessive rainfall occurring throughout the monsoon season, and was aggravated at times by flash floods passing down the Teesta River as well as other rivers entering Bangladesh from the northwest Ahmed, A. According to projections, climate change is very likely to increase the level of rainfall during the monsoon season IPCC Such an increase will undoubtedly lead to more frequent and more severe flooding Ahmed, A.
In addition, more frequent flooding will aggravate already existing drainage problems, including the diminution of river gradients over time, as more and more sediments are brought down and accumulate. Consequently, the conveyance capacity of these rivers will diminish significantly, this in turn increasing the frequency and duration of flooding. According to Ahmed , p. For the scenario year the average rainfall in monsoon will increase by about 27 per cent with respect to the base year.
In the coastal areas there will be stronger-than-usual backwater effect due to sea level rise induced high oceanic stage, resulting into retardation of discharge flow, particularly along the confluence points of the major rivers. North western part of Bangladesh on August 29, Source: North western part of Bangladesh on September 8, Source: This was followed some days later by another episode of heavy rain, which provoked flooding in the districts of Sunamganj, Sylhet and Netrokona in the north- east of the country, and later in districts in the centre of the country Munshiganj, Tangail, Faridpur, Manikganj, Rajbari.
It shows flooding along the Brahmaputra River and Tanquar Haor, a large wetland region in the north-western part of the country.
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Between 19 September and the end of the month additional flooding hit several districts in the country, affecting , more people and increasing the plight of the people already affected by floods in August IFRC map 3. Areas affected by the August-September floods Source: Policy response In Bangladesh, managing such natural disasters is the responsibility of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief. When the govern- ment declares an emergency, the Local Consultative Group Mechanism LCG is one of the key the structures through which the government engages in dialogue with development partners, which are able to provide a humanitarian response The JNA Consolidation Project The DER, which is co-chaired by the UN Resident Coordinator and the Ministry of Disaster Management, is mandated to ensure the effective coordi- nation of national and international stakeholders around all aspects of the disaster management process.
Clusters have been constituted, with government approval, to address disaster preparedness. They bring together international organisations, NGOs, and donor organisations. WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene , food security, early recovery, health, nutrition, education, logistics, and shelter. Disaster management coordination in Bangladesh Links to Gob Bodies: This JNA consisted of an initial assessment of the number of people affected and the relative accessibility of water, food, sanitation, education, markets and health facilities. It mobilised staff from 28 organisations, who visited about locations in four days from August.
Assessment teams in the field trans- mitted data to the team in Dhaka, which established a page report by 8 September. This report established the scale of the disaster, the number of people affected and the worst affected areas, as well as their immediate and ongoing needs.
Due to its time frame, many limitations could be found in this report, which were highlighted in the document itself: Educalingo cookies are used to personalize ads and get web traffic statistics. We also share information about the use of the site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. Meaning of "Duftkerze" in the German dictionary. Candle that emits a certain scent when burning. Synonyms and antonyms of Duftkerze in the German dictionary of synonyms. Examples of use in the German literature, quotes and news about Duftkerze.
Duftkerzen gibt es zwar im Handel zu kaufen, Wir haben auch Duftkerzen in derselben Farbe, die einen angenehmen Raufduft verbreiten nach nur ein paar Minuten. Am Wochenende die Fenster putzen.