Hernandez fought with the Federalists in their final defeat and after it went into exile: He began his narrative poem El Gaucho Martin Fierro in a Brazilian village, and continued it in Montevideo and in the small dockside hotels where he stayed when paying secret visits to Buenos Aires to see his family.
The poem was printed very cheaply, in a yellowish pamphlet full of misprints, in Hernandez's poem aimed to speak to the country people in their own language about their own troubles. It tells the adventures and opinions of an archetypal gaucho suffering the hardships and injustice of the times: Argentine cultural circles were at this time ruthlessly orientated towards France; there had been a school of "gaucho" poetry some years earlier, but this was considered a rustic idiom for which the vogue had passed.
Martin Fierro was ignored in the city but had an unprecedented popular success in the country, where it was accepted as genuine gaucho. He went into business with his brother, dealing in cattle and land, owned a bookshop; and took part in politics: The s and 80s saw a wave of material chages in Argentina. Hernandez continued as champion of the country people in their perennial struggle against a remote burocracy.
El Gaucho Martin Fierro/La Vuelta de Martin Fierro : Jose Hernandez :
It was twice as long as the first part, and unlike some sequels as good or better. It is more varied and more serious, and perhaps more studied: The second part of the poem follows on from the first with the story of Martin Fierro's life with an Indian tribe, with his companion Cruz, and his return to his own country; after this come long separate stories told by his two sons and Cruz's son one the celebrated Viscacha episode , then the curious lyrical payada ,or singing contest, between Martin Fierro and a challenger who turns out to be the brother of the man Fierro killed in Part One ; and finally a concluding passage of aphoristic wisdom.
La Vuelta had no more of a literary success, and no less of a popular one, than the first part. Hernandez's concern with social justice for the gauchos is expressed as strongly as ever in the second part of the poem.
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In other ways however, he had by that time grown nearer to Sarmiento's "progressive" ideals just as Sarmiento grew to have increased respect for the values of the land and its people. In , when Buenes Aires was finally voted official capital of the nation, Hernandez supported the motion in a long speech in Congress, urging the development of the country along the lines of the North American states, to take its place in international affairs.
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For this attitude he has been accused of disloyalty to Federalism, but in the same speech he warns against the obstacles created by excessive party-feeling in a nation emerged so recently from the bitter experience of civil wars. His positive loyalties remained consistent: In , when he was Senator, Hernandez was invited to tour the world studying cattle breeding at government expense. His last words, reported by his brother, were "Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Living through a period of the virtual formation of a modern state.
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El Gaucho Martin Fierro / the Gaucho Martin Fierro
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