Alternatives and adjuncts to blood transfusion 6.
- 1. Introduction?
- 6: Alternatives and adjuncts to blood transfusion.
- Description.
Alternatives and adjuncts to blood transfusion Essentials Transfusion alternatives were mostly developed to reduce blood use in surgery but have much wider application. They are most effective when used in combination and as part of a comprehensive patient blood management programme. Predeposit autologous blood donation before surgery is of uncertain benefit and now has very restricted indications in the UK. Intraoperative cell salvage ICS is effective and may be life-saving in elective or emergency high blood loss surgery and management of major haemorrhage. Postoperative cell salvage PCS and reinfusion can reduce blood use in joint replacement and scoliosis surgery.
Tranexamic acid antifibrinolytic is inexpensive, safe and reduces mortality in traumatic haemorrhage.
It reduces bleeding and transfusion in many surgical procedures and may be effective in obstetric and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents ESAs , such as erythropoietin, are standard therapy in renal anaemia and can support blood conservation in some cancer chemotherapy patients and autologous blood donation programmes. They may also be effective in selected patients with myelodysplasia.
ESAs may cause hypertension and thromboembolic problems. Safe parenteral iron preparations are now available and may produce more rapid and complete responses in iron deficiency anaemia. Indications include intolerance of oral iron, support for ESA therapy and as an alternative to transfusion in perioperative and postpartum anaemia. Effective transfusion in surgery and critical care. Management of patients who do not accept transfusion. Patients getting surgery sometimes need transfusions to replace blood lost during or after the operation.
Giving a person back his or her own blood is called an autologous transfusion.
It cuts down on the need for transfusions from other donors. Another type of autologous transfusion is described in Donating Blood. So far, there is no real substitute for human blood.
Alternative Blood Products and Clinical Needs in Transfusion Medicine
But researchers are working to develop a liquid that can carry oxygen and replace blood, at least for a short time, in certain situations. Some products being tested can do some of the work of red blood cells, such as carrying oxygen to tissues, but cannot replace the many other functions of human blood.
The American Cancer Society medical and editorial content team Our team is made up of doctors and master's-prepared nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. From artificial red blood cells, oxygen carriers, and oxygen therapeutics to artificial cells, nanomedicine, and beyond.
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National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Stem Cells Int v. Published online Apr 8. Received Nov 9; Accepted Dec This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine - Index
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract The primary focus of national blood programs is the provision of a safe and adequate blood supply. Introduction In the last 30 years, transfusion medicine has evolved from a field focused on blood component therapy and red blood cell serology to include advanced cellular therapies produced by ex vivo expansion [ 1 , 2 ]. Open in a separate window. Materials and Methods The authors conducted searches on PubMed and Google using the following search terms: Perspective on Needs in Transfusion Medicine Since the beginning of modern transfusion therapy extraordinary efforts have been required to maintain a safe and adequate blood supply [ 23 — 25 ].
The Blood Supply In developed nations the blood supply is adequate overall [ 60 — 62 ], but extreme weather conditions and natural disasters such as the recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan and flooding in the United States disrupt routine blood collection activities leading to temporary shortages. Prevention of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections: Alloimmunization As the scientific basis for producing better and safer products for transfusion through donor screening and product testing has made transfusion safer, alloimmunization resulting from transfusion has emerged as a major issue in clinical care.
Impact of Ex Vivo Generated Blood Cells on Needs in Transfusion Medicine Red blood cells have been successfully generated ex vivo from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cord blood, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell hiPSC and human embryonic stem cell hESC lines. Component therapy to cellular therapy and beyond—a Darwinian approach to transfusion medicine. Mason C, Manzotti E. Regenerative medicine cell therapies: Roddie C, Peggs KS. Donor lymphocyte infusion following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Growth factors
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- Alternative Blood Products and Clinical Needs in Transfusion Medicine.
- Alternatives and adjuncts to blood transfusion.
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