Flu shift and drift. Flu vaccine risks and benefits. Making flu vaccine each year. Vaccines and the autism myth - part 1. Vaccines and the autism myth - part 2. Video transcript - [Voiceover] So if you're watching this video, I'm pretty sure that at some point in your life, or in the lives of someone you know, that you've had the flu.
Almost everybody is pretty familiar with how awful it feels to get sick with the flu. And when people talk about the flu, they kinda talk about it in two different ways. And we're gonna get into both of those ways right now. So sometimes, they'll talk about the illness, or the symptoms they had when they had the flu. And other times, they'll talk about the virus, you know, the actual virus that causes the flu.
So I'm gonna actually break it down the same way, we're gonna talk first about the illness, and then we're gonna get into the virus. I'm gonna draw a nice little line down the middle so that we don't get lost in this conversation. So I can't help it, but any time I hear that someone has the flu, I immediately get into this mode where I have a bunch of questions for them, and I really just wanna kinda convince myself that when they say they have the flu, they really have the flu and they don't have something else.
So the questions that pop up in my head, the first one is usually, is it abrupt, or did it kinda start abruptly? I'm gonna just write that. And you know, I might say, do you remember feeling well one evening, and then waking up sick. Or something like that. Do you remember exactly kinda when it started. And most people with the flu can tell you, within a day or two, exactly when their illness started.
Now another clue that something is the flu is that it usually lasts for about three to seven days. So if someone is saying, well, I got sick with the flu, and then four months later, you know, I started getting better, that's a very weird story. Usually it would be a lot quicker than that.
So always think around three to seven days. Of course it could be a few extra days than that, especially when you're thinking about a symptom like the cough. But generally speaking, that's the time window. Then I really get into the symptoms themselves. I want to find out exactly what made them feel so sick. And there are two categories of symptoms. The first is respiratory symptoms. I want to know about respiratory symptoms. And secondly, I want to know about what I call constitutional symptoms. And these, this has nothing to do with the Constitution, but it has to do with the body.
Kinda thinking about symptoms that affect the entire body. So let me make a little bit of space on the canvas. And we'll first start out thinking about the respiratory side. So respiratory symptoms, let me draw out air coming into the body. Remember, air has two major paths into your body, it's gonna come in through your nose, or it's gonna come in through your mouth, right?
And when it comes in, it's going to quickly join up. Remember, air in the nose is gonna meet up with air in the mouth, and it's gonna go down through the windpipe, or the trachea we call it, and it's gonna branch off into the right and left lung. So this is my right lung over here, and on the other side we've got the left lung.
And remember the left lung is also gonna be right next to the heart, so we've gotta keep a little space for the heart. So these are the two lungs, and this is the air coming in. Now if someone says that they have a stuffy nose, that's a really common one, right?
They say they're congested, or sometimes they might say a runny nose, but any of these kinds of symptoms you can think in your mind of this picture and you can say, well yep, this is right along the path that air is gonna take on its way into the lungs. So this is part of the respiratory track.
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Now, another symptom might be a sore throat. And here again, you can see that the air is actually gonna be passing right through the throat on its way down into the lungs. And a really really common symptom, you hear this all the time, is cough. Video transcript - [Voiceover] In talking about the different symptoms between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, I think my obsession with color coding will really pay off so we'll have red for rheumatoid arthritis and green for osteoarthritis.
We'll talk about all the different symptoms but I want to make this a logical discussion so thinking back to the cause of these two diseases and why it is that they are different in symptoms. In rheumatoid arthritis, it's always going to be autoimmune so the body's attacking itself, it's a whole body kind of process whereas in osteoarthritis, we're dealing with overuse.
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Usually in elderly people or people carrying extra weight weighing down their joints. Okay, first, before the differences, let's just quickly go over the commonalities and why it's important to distinguish them because people will come in complaining of the same things.
Pain, number one, their joints hurt. Both of these can be painful, they can also involve stiffness. The quality and timing with it will be different but they'll both tell you that their joints feel stiff and they can't use them well. So with that, they might avoid using their limbs, might lead to muscular weakness.
Weakness, loss of function, and this weakness and loss of function and inability to do the things they like to do might actually have indirect effects on their mood, for example, depression is common because both of these are chronic diseases so depression, risk for heart disease and other things from a sedentary lifestyle are all things to consider.
Swollen ankles, hands and feet
So the point of this is when patients come in and tell you, "my joints hurt," make sure to not leave it at that and keep asking the questions to distinguish the two. The first question you might ask is, "Where does it hurt, "which joints? For example, when a person with RA comes in and tells you, "my shoulders hurt," it's going to be shoulders, left and right. They tell you, "my knees hurt," it's going to be, likely, left and right knee. When you just think of location, there can be overlap.
For example, both of these can lead to painful knees but in rheumatoid arthritis, it's more likely to be both sides. Again, wrists, elbows, both sides whereas here on this side have we have, often, asymmetry because OA comes from wear and tear on the joints and sometimes the use is going to be not even between the left, right side of the body and also the cartilage that we start out with might not be the same. For these people, they can have one shoulder, the other knee, maybe the same ankle and the other wrist.
The pattern of it is gonna look more like this. So symmetry, very important clue. Some useful tips to help are:. Hormones and, later in pregnancy, your womb pressing on your stomach can sometimes leave you bloated, burpy, sick or with a nasty heart burning sensation. If your heartburn is severe and is not relieved by the advice above treatments then you should speak to your midwife or GP.
Your body holds more water in pregnancy, which can move towards the lowest parts of your body making your ankles, hands and feet swell. If you are experiencing these symptoms, you should call your midwife, hospital or doctor immediately. As soon as you fall pregnant, hormones can play havoc with your digestive system, leaving you constipated. For some women, hormones can also cause the opposite to constipation — diarrhoea.
If this is the case for you, drink plenty of fluids and see your GP if it does not go away after 48 hours. Check with a midwife, doctor or pharmacist before taking any medication to stop diarrhoea. You should be seen as soon as possible if you also have a fever , stomach pain , very dark urine or blood in your stool.
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Symptoms differ from one woman to the next and some suffer more than others but pelvic pain - also known as pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain PPGP or symphysis pubis dysfunction SPD - can be debilitating. Make these simple adjustments to ease the discomfort:.
Your body needs extra iron for your baby, which means you can miss out. Lack of iron can leave you feeling tired and breathless. Other symptoms can include looking paler than normal and, in some cases, noticeable heart beats heart palpitations. The trick is to eat plenty of iron-rich foods, combined with vitamin C such as a glass of orange juice to help your body absorb it.
Avoid caffeinated drinks at mealtime, as they can interfere with iron absorption. If your red blood cell count is low, your GP may prescribe an iron supplement. Ask your midwife if you have any questions. Find out more about anaemia in pregnancy. Congratulations on your pregnancy! This page covers the evidence-based recommendations from midwives of things to do and not do in pregnancy. Find out how healthy you are with our simple calculator tools and see what changes you can make to help you have a healthier pregnancy.
Smoking, drinking, folic acid and miscarriage. Get answers to some of the common worries in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nausea, extreme tiredness, sore breasts, cramps Eira pronounced eye-ra - poor child will spend her whole life telling people how to say her name has made her arrival!
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After what has felt like a very long time coming, it's finally my due week! I had my last day at work this week - and boy, was I ready for that day to come around. I worked right up until 38 weeks - my choice, and one I'll only regret if baby decides to come early and I don't get a rest! Next review date April 10th, I am 10 weeks pregnant and this is my first baby. I am having spot last nyt light brown color and in the morning it turns red but little spot and now I have a pain in my left side tummy.
Is this normal or there is something wrong I'm so confused. Hi Anne, It is not uncommon to have some spotting in early pregnancy but we would advise that you are seen in the Early pregnancy unit to check that all is well. Hi there this is my third pregnancy ,I'm bit confused the signs I'm having now is different. I never had this before can someone give me advise who had this experience please.
Hi Tracey Every pregnancy can be very different. Feeling dizzy, and bleeding are two reasons why I want you to go into be seen urgently by your GP who can refer you to be seen at your local early pregnancy assessment unit. There they can review you and scan you to make sure that all is progressing ok. Please be seen as soon as you can. Thank you for your comment I would advise that you contact your midwife asap to discuss these pains as you describe them as being intense as well as being always there and feeling a lot of pressure Braxton Hicks are more common as your pregnancy advances.
They differ from labour contractions in that they are irregular, not painful although they can be quite uncomfortable! I have attached 2 links with more information for you: Hi, I am currently in my 26th week, for weeks now I have suffered lots of pain around my waist and lower part of my tummy my gynaecologist said I have to endure till I put to bed. Sleeping is not exciting because I get the pain alot even while trying to sleep on my sides.
Also I have this terrible migraine at the left front side of head every time I sleep sometimes I have the pain all through the night while trying to sleep its been very difficult for me. Most of the time when I wake I am practically useless because I have to deal with the pain till its gone but always comes back once I sleep. Are these normal at all sighs I feel so sad about it. Hi Tola I would like you to go to your local hospital to be reviewed by a midwife and obstetric doctor as soon as possible.
10 common pregnancy complaints
I also want the doctor to test your reflexes. This is very important so i'd like to to be seen as soon as possible. Less serious, is that you might be suffering with pelvic girdle pain with your hip pain, this is quite common in pregnancy. Try sleeping with a pillow between your legs so that they are well supported.
You may also benefit from being seen by a physiotherapist to assess if you need a support belt or not. Please take good care of yourself and be seen urgently. All the best Sophie,Tommy's Midwife. Hi I am 19 months pregnanant, in my 1st trimester ,I had some cramps on my left leg,I asked my gynachologist and ge said it's normal during pregnancy. Now on my 2nd trimester the cramps are on my right leg. S it still normal? Many women suffer with leg cramps during pregnancy. A cramp is a sudden sharp pain, caused by an involuntary spasm.
A good way to relieve leg cramp is to flex your foot at the ankle and then circle your ankle vigorously - this increases the blood-flow to the leg. Massaging the affected muscles or pulling the foot towards you from the toes can also help. If you suffer from repeated cramps, exercise can help reduce the number of times you are affected. Try gently stretching the affected muscles several times a day.
I'm feeling movement in my stomach an feeling puresser but I'm not sure if I'm pregnant I did one test it said neg. I had a period last month. Hi, If you are noticing new symptoms with a negative pregnancy test then it might be that you need to be reviewed by your GP to discuss how you are feeling to ensure there is no medical cause to this.
Best wishes, Tommy's midwives. Hi am 13 weeks pregnant when I started using the pills that I have been given I was vomiting but now I just feel pains in my womb and it makes me feel like an losing my baby is this normal or not? Hi Evidence What pills were you given please? Abdominal pains are always treated suspiciously, at any gestation of pregnancy.
So please get checked out asap Sophie,Tommy's Midwife. Hi, thanks for posting it sounds like you are really suffering and I am so sorry that you have nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. I hope that it will start to get better in your second trimester after 12 weeks but in the meantime please visit this incredible charity's website for more proactive ways to cope. You will not be doing the baby any harm but anti -sickness medication can make life more bearable. Ideally meaning that you can function and don't get admitted in to hospital https: Yes it is possible that your pregnancy is further behind than you think if ovulation was late.
Do you have regular periods? Have you been given another appointment in the Early pregnancy unit? You are welcome to call us to discuss on I am 9 weeks pregnant and feel like I have pressure down there and feels like i need a wee. This is quite a common symptom in pregnancy. It may be worth getting your urine checked in case you have a urinary tract infection UTI.
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If this is normal I would recommend that you try to learn how to do pelvic floor exercises. Strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor can help with the pressure feeling. Remember though that this takes time. Regular exercise over a period of several weeks should help and is worth the effort. Hi im 6 wiks pregnant i feel sharp pain in my right side rib cage and right side back..
Hi Sheena Thank you for contacting us here at Tommy's. It is difficult to know what this pain is, but it is unlikely to be linked to the pregnancy in those area of your body. Please take good care of yourself! Gud pm pls I am 27 weeks pregnant nd I am having sharp abdominal pains which comes n goes since yesterday. Wat could b d cause? Hope my baby won't b affected?
Abdominal pain, at any gestation of pregnancy needs to be urgently reviewed. It might be nothing to be concerned about, but the obstetric doctor and midwife need to be the ones to decide this. Please take good care of yourself.