PDF The Bending Of A Twig

The more important things are life-long activities. Where do you stand regarding the virtues of your culture or region? How difficult would it be to change your path, to un-bend the tree? How much easier would it have been to make that change when you were just a twig? Our jobs, or careers, is another place where sooner is better than later when fixing our path.

What about a bad personal relationship? When would be a good time to change your path and get out? Would sooner be better than later? This would include romantic mismatches as well, right? Where in your life do you feel you are headed a little or even a lot off course? Where are you bent and leaning the wrong direction? Take a moment and thing through a few of these parts of your life. You need to figure out why you are reluctant to change course, to try something else, or to otherwise straighten your tree.

1. As the twig is bent the tree inclines..
2. The Awakening of Andrew McAllister;
3. Saved By His Submissive -- A WILD Boys of Special Forces Novel: The WILD Boys of Special Forces: Alpha Military Heroes.
4. twig is bent, so is the tree inclined, as the.
5. Item Preview.
6. Twig (Kid's).
7. Upcoming Events.

Is there fear, or is your reluctance based on something else? If so, what is it? Simply trying to change by willpower is a noble effort, but rather likely to fail. As soon as your energy or will drops, that void will be filled by the same things which are holding you back right now. Take one issue in your life, and think it through. Brainstorm what you can do to find a path which leads you back towards your goal. What can you do to straighten out the tree?

It is possible, even if it may be difficult. But you have to believe you can do it, and that it is worth the effort.

And please take a moment to consider what you will do the next time you have a decision to make. Every decision bends the tree a little bit. If you start making decisions which bend you back towards where you want to be, you will get closer. Wise advice and great post. It is true, life does not come with an instruction manual.

How much fun would that be? The fracture surfaces of the broken twigs were examined using a scanning electron microscope Cambridge Stereoscan , Leica, Bensheim, FRG. Photographs of the complete surface and magnified details of either the tension or compression side of the fracture surface were taken. Twigs and branches of S. Between cutting and testing the twigs and branches were wrapped in wet cloth. The twigs were aged between one and nine years.

Axes were inspected before testing to ensure that they were intact and macroscopically undamaged. Bending tests were carried out on a steel frame bending apparatus. Span distance and weight increments were varied according to the size and bending resistance of the material selected. Up to eight weights were applied manually and the maximum deflection for each weight increment was measured by observation with a dissection microscope.

Structural Young's moduli of the stems were calculated from the slope of the linear regression of the applied bending force versus maximum deflection. The structural Young's modulus is a characteristic material parameter describing the mechanical bending properties of a plant stem independent of size and shape. Niklas, , p. It is calculated by dividing the experimentally determined flexural stiffness by the mean axial second moment of area of the tested stems. To prevent an influence of the released stresses due to the end cuttings on the measurements, a distance of at least three times the twig diameter was left between the cuts and the study region.

An extensiometric sensor manufacturer HBM, type DD1 was used to measure the longitudinal growth strains at the stem surface. These cuttings were assumed to release locally existing stresses in the twigs. The observed strains are, therefore, proportional and have opposite signs to the real stresses in the twigs.

The main branch was fixed in a clamp, leaving the lateral twig free. Two sensors were applied simultaneously on the upper adaxial and lower abaxial side of the lateral twig the cortex was removed at the points of measurement. The sensors were attached as close as possible to the twig base. For each side of the twig base adaxial and abaxial , 20 measurements were made. Missing values in Fig. Compression stress induces a swelling between the grooves; thus, the resulting longitudinal growth strain is positive. Tension stress induces a shrinkage between the grooves; thus, the resulting longitudinal growth strain is negative.

Twig junctions were cut off the trees and immediately put into plastic bags to prevent them from drying out. Twigs of one, two and several years of age were distinguished. Most samples were collected from individual trees to ensure genetically comparable samples. The number of samples per species was for S. The lateral twig was pulled in a direction parallel to the length of the main branch to accord with the natural loading condition Fig.

The following formulas for calculating stress and strain were used for a derivation of the formulas see Young, From the force applied at breakage, the bending moment was calculated using the lever arm a. This is the effective lever arm at the moment of breakage. Using the bending moment BM , the stress at fracture was calculated. Since the calculation of stress and strain is not critically influenced by this problem, stress and strain should give realistic numbers to compare different species. Although the requirement of a homogeneous material is not fulfilled for the use of the formula for stress, it can be used as a good approximation for a comparison between the tested species, since the eight species do not vary significantly concerning their proportions of cortex, wood and pith.

This is fulfilled in good approximation, as can be seen from the SEM photographs Figs 3— The assumption of a central position of the neutral plane is also supported by the measurements of growth strains at the surface of twig bases. Growth strains differ only very slightly for the two sides of the twig bases. A Schematic drawing of the geometry and parameters used for calculations see text. The dashed line represents a lateral twig before bending, the drawn out line represents a main branch and a lateral twig shortly before fracture. A Overview of the fracture surface at the main branch side, B tension side, C compression side, D detail of the tension side showing a smooth fracture surface.

A Overview of the fracture surface at the base of the broken twig, B tension side, C compression side. A Overview of the fracture surface at the main branch side, B tension side, C compression side. A Overview of the fracture surface at the main branch side, B tension side, C compression side, D detail of the tension side showing torn out fibre. A Overview of the fracture surface at the base of the broken twig, B tension side, C compression side, D detail of the tension side showing torn out fibres.

A Overview of the fracture surface at the base of the broken twig, B tension side, C compression side, D overview of the damage at the main branch where a twig was attached. A Overview of the fracture surface at the base of the broken twig, B tension side, C compression side, D detail of the tension side showing a rough fracture surface. The age of the twigs had no influence on the breaking properties, therefore twigs were grouped in one size class. The fractured surfaces of twigs showed marked differences among the species examined. In general, the fracture surface of a twig broken by bending shows two main areas.

A tension side, on the abaxial surface of the bent twig and a compression side, on the adaxial part of the bent twig.

• Breadcrumb.
• Jesus Walks On Water (Bible Stories for Children).
• The Bending of a Twig.

Wood destroyed under compression usually shows a rough and crumbled structure, whereas breakage under tension produces smooth areas and areas with torn out fibres Sell and Zimmermann, a , b. Therefore, in this study only the tension side of the broken twigs was considered.

A an overview of the fracture surface of all tested species, B magnifications of the tension side, C magnifications of the compression side, D structures of special interest in higher magnifications for some of the species. The tensile fracture surfaces of the species S. In addition, there is nearly no height difference between the tension and the compression side of the broken twig. The amount of fibres torn out at the tension side of the fracture surface is very small.

The smooth areas of the tension side give the impression that they were cut with a razor blade Figs 3B, 4B. In addition, it is sometimes not possible to break off a twig without damaging the main branch to which it was attached Fig.

Account Options

In addition, a smooth surface could never be found on the tension side Fig. A conspicuous phenomenon is the occurrence of torn out fibres, which seem to cover bigger areas on the tension side of the fracture surface of those species which do not break easily at their twig bases Figs 6B, 9B, 10B. The torn out fibres consist only of a part of the inner cell wall.

This can be clearly seen in Fig. In the surrounding cells, the crack runs directly through the cell walls, breaking through the different layers of the cell wall. But the propagation of a crack can be stopped between layers. The microfibrils of the S2 layer are orientated in a very small angle against the longitudinal axis of the cell, whereas the S1 layer has an almost perpendicular orientation of microfibrils against the longitudinal axis of the cell.

Figures 6D and 7D clearly demonstrate an orientation of fibrils nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell in the inner part of the cell wall where the S2 layer is visible as torn out fibres. The height and diameter of torn out fibres are comparable in all observed cases. The proportion of rough regions per tension side of the wood, represented by the relative roughness, is highest for S. Clearly distinguished are four groups: Half of the measured fracture surface is rough on the tension side in the cases of S. Projection area of the tension side of wood with torn out fibres per total area of the tension side of the fracture surface mean values and standard errors.

The structural Young's modulus shows a distinct increase with the axial second moment of area that, in turn, correlates with the diameter of a stem, for S. The age of the twigs had no effect on the Young's modulus. Mean Young's moduli MPa with standard errors gained in bending experiments for different diameter groups, n is number of measurements. The values of growth strains, measured in microstrain, are shown in Fig.

The values are not corrected for the effects due to the twig acting as a cantilever. Growth strains at the twigs themselves show similar values compared to those at the twig bases and also increase in absolute values with increasing diameter data not shown. The negative growth strains at the twig surface increase with increasing size of the twigs. Small twigs show growth strains close to zero. These are of the order of strains induced by the twigs own weight. On the adaxial side of the twig bases the values are negative also for the smallest axes. A Upper adaxial side of twig base.

First impressions go deep and are not easily changed. The mind of the little child is tremendously receptive. That child knows nothing. But he is born with a mind that can receive a fantastic amount of knowledge about himself and the world in which he lives. To his dying day he will be adding to the facts that he learns. And by words you can cause his thinking to go in a definite direction. Train him as a child, and, when he is a man, others will not turn him from that way he was taught to walk in the days of his early youth.

Let the church train him in its doctrinal position, and then when he is a man, the waves of other doctrines may sweep over him but will not sweep him away. He has been bent in a doctrinal direction, and in that way he will grow. There are those reared in Roman Catholic doctrine who will embrace Protestantism in days after their youth. There are men and women of Protestant persuasion who were taught to see the Roman Catholic Church as the false church and its doctrines as inventions of men who will forsake their early instruction to embrace the doctrines of the Pope.

Bending The Twig

This, as we pointed out last time, is due to the fact that they did not receive that instruction, and although as little children or as youths, they passionately defended it because father and mother did, their hearts craved something else. And when they found that something else they responded to embrace it. They had not yet "formed the hard fibers "that will set the tree for life.

And it may be that to defend themselves in an evil walk they will embrace that which formerly they condemned rather than to condemn their own practices. It shows the way in which they were bent and that for a time was covered by other acts. The principle stands, however, that in the way that they have been trained, truly trained, they will continue to go and nothing shall move them to depart from it. This holds true of doctrine. It holds true of the walk of life. And we train them by the words which we speak.

Bend the twig and bend the tree - Prof. Chin A Paw

If we are to get at their hearts we will have to approach them through their minds. Satan knew that and by his lying words succeeded in turning man from a spiritual direction of glorifying God to a way that sought that glory of God for self. Adam came forth from the hand of God a fully trained man. And to depart somewhat from the figure and to contradict it, Adam was created so that he stood upright, bent neither to the right nor to the left, neither forward nor backward but so that all his being was directed to the glory of God.

He looked directly upward to God and the stream of all his thinking, willing and acting was directly toward God. It was Satan who then succeeded in bending the twig in the way of the flesh to seek at every turn to rob God of His glory. Truly the pen is mightier than the sword. And the Word of God is so infinitely more powerful than the word of man to bend us back again to an upright position to stand in the proper relation to God.

And that Word is so wonderful to tie us in that position so that we do not droop and flop back to the sin-seeking, God-dishonoring position wherein we are born. It is not our words that train the child and bring him to an upright position. It is the Word of God as applied by the power of the Spirit of Christ. Of course there must be that which is pliable, if we are to be bent all the way from death to life, from sin to righteousness.

Only the reborn child of God can be bent. The Word will only harden the twig that has not received the life of Christ. We do not melt that heart by our words, nor by our preaching of God's Word. It is He that must renew the heart through regeneration; and then He uses us to bend the twig that He has made pliable.