e-book Turgidity

Times, Sunday Times Real play turgid stuff under Benitez. The Sun It was awful , turgid stuff. Times, Sunday Times It was all pretty turgid stuff but, then again, it has been for some time. The Sun The fruits of his labours are collected in this book, which is a peerless work of journalism , but a turgid piece of writing. Times, Sunday Times Nearby words of 'turgid'. Definition of turgid from the Collins English Dictionary. The definite article is the. The definite article is used with singular and plural nouns.

Turgidity is the fully expanded condition of a cell with its wall stretched due to excessive accumulation of water. The outward pressure exerted by the cell fluid on the cell wall is called turgor pressure. The inward pressure exerted on the cell contents by the stretched cell wall is called wall pressure. There Are Three factors influence the turgidity of a living cell. This page may be out of date. Save your draft before refreshing this page. Submit any pending changes before refreshing this page. Ask New Question Sign In.

Example sentences containing 'turgid'

How does the cell wall maintain turgidity? What happens when a fully turgid plant cell is placed into an hypotonic solution?

What is the name of the phenomenon? How does a vacuole maintain cell turgidity? What is the difference between haemolysis and turgidity?

These few protists are ones that use their contractile vacuole to regulate the quantity of water within the cell. Protist cells avoid lysing in solutions by utilizing a vacuole which pumps water out of the cells to maintain osmotic equilibrium. Turgor pressure is not observed in animal cells because they lack a cell wall.

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In organisms with cell walls, the cell wall prevents the cell from lysing from high pressure values. In Diatoms, the Heterokontophyta have polyphyletic turgor-resistant cell walls. Throughout these organisms' life cycle, carefully controlled turgor pressure is responsible for cell expansion and for the release of sperm, but not for things such as seta growth. Gas-vaculate cyanobacterium are the ones generally responsible for water-blooms. They have the ability to float due to the accumulation of gases within their vacuole, and the role of turgor pressure and its effect on the capacity of these vacuoles has been observed in varying scientific papers.

Experiments used to correlate osmosis and turgor pressure in prokaryotes have been used to show how diffusion of solutes into the cell have a play on turgor pressure within the cell. When measuring turgor pressure in plants, many things have to be taken into account. It is generally stated that fully turgid cells have a turgor pressure value which is equal to that of the cell, and that flaccid cells have a value at or near zero.

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Other cellular mechanisms taken into consideration include the protoplast , solutes within the protoplast solute potential , transpiration rates of the plant, and the tension of cell walls. Measurement is limited depending on the method used, some of which are explored and explained below. Not all methods can be used for all organisms, due to size and other properties.

For example, a diatom doesn't have the same properties as a plant, which would place constrictions on what could be used to infer turgor pressure.

Units used to measure turgor pressure are independent from the measures used to infer its values. Common units include bars , MPa , or newtons.

When using this method, gravity and matric potential are considered to be negligible, since their values are generally either negative or close to zero. The pressure bomb was developed by plant physiologist Lan Wang and colleagues in order to test water movement through plants. The instrument is used to measure turgor pressure by placing a leaf with stem attached into a closed chamber where pressurized gas is added in increments. Atomic force microscopes use a type of scanning probe microscopy SPM. Small probes are introduced to the area of interest, and a spring within the probe measures values via displacement.

When using this method, supplemental information such as continuum mechanic equations , single force depth curves and cell geometries can be used to quantify turgor pressures within a given area usually a cell. This machine was originally used to measure individual algal cells, but can now be used on larger-celled specimens. A glass micro-capillary tube is inserted into the cell and whatever the cell exudes into the tube is observed through a microscope.

An attached device then measures how much pressure is required to push the emission back into the cell. These are used to accurately quantify measurements of smaller cells.

In an experiment by Weber, Smith and colleagues, single tomato cells were compressed between a micro-manipulation probe and glass to allow the pressure probe's micro-capillary to find the cell's turgor pressure. There have been studies [37] [38] which show that negative cell pressures can exist in xerophytic plants, but a paper by M.

Tyree explores whether this is possible, or a conclusion based on misinterpreted data. In his paper, he concludes that by miscategorizing "bound" and "free" water in a cell, researchers that claimed to have found negative turgor pressure values were incorrect. By analyzing isotherms of apoplastic and symplastic water, he shows that negative turgor pressures cannot be present within arid plants due to net water loss of the specimen during droughts.

Despite his analysis and interpretation of data, negative turgor pressure values are still used within the scientific community. An hypothesis formed by M. Harold and his colleagues suggests that tip growth in higher plans is amoebic in nature, and isn't caused by turgor pressure as is widely believed, meaning that extension is caused by the actin cytoskeleton in these plant cells.