Blackberries Amillaria Root Rot Cane dieback and wilting are common. Infected main roots and crowns often have whitish mycelia that are thin and fan shaped with a mushroom odor. Raspberries Armillaria Root Rot Cane dieback and wilting are common. A potential harvest contaminant. Blueberries Azalea Bark Scale White protective coverings of mating females found on the older bark. Young crawlers penetrate the bark and begin feeding. Buds in cankers die. Leaves turn orange and wilt if death occurs after buds have leafed out. Blueberries Birds Damage is just prior to and during harvest.
Strawberries Black Root Rot Entire root or all but core darken, look unhealthy, and lack new growth. Foliage is reduced in size, has poor color, and wilts in warm weather. Blackberries Blackberry Rust Primarily affects Evergreen blackberries. Spores change color as infection develops. Blueberries Blueberry Gall Midge The adult is a very small reddish fly. Larvae feed in the growing tips of the plant and causing branching of new growth. Flower clusters blight as petals open, young shoots may turn grayish black.
Fungus can also infect leaves and cause cane infections. Blackberries Box Elder Bug Can be a potential harvest contaminant.
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Lays its eggs on open blooms, potentially damaging them, causing poor druplet formation. Strawberries Brown Marmorated Stink Bug They can be distinguished from other species of stink bugs by the light bands on the antennae. Raspberries Brown Marmorated Stink Bug They can be distinguished from other species of stink bugs by the light bands on the antennae.
Blueberries Brown Marmorated Stink Bug They can be distinguished from other species of stink bugs by the light bands on the antennae. Blackberries Brown Marmorated Stink Bug They can be distinguished from other species of stink bugs by the light bands on the antennae. Hybrid berries generally not affected.
Wet conditions favor development. Canes become brittle and break easily. Premature defoliation can occur if disease is severe. Blackberries Cane and Leaf Spot aka Septoria Leaf Spot Minute, black, fruiting bodies form in infected tissue, mature, and produce spores. Leaf spots vary from light purplish to dark brown. In older leaf spots, centers are whitish with brown to red borders. Raspberries Cane Blight Symptoms include weak growth and wilting of leaves.
Cankers develop on canes, brown to purple lesions. Affected areas are weak and bend easily. Blueberries Cherry Fruitworm Adult is small, dark gray moth with brown bands on the wings. Lays eggs on developing green fruit. Larvae, white with black heads, bore into and feed in the developing fruit. Mature larvae pink with brown heads. Scattered widely over the leaf surface reducing leaf function.
Most severe in spring and fall. Raspberries Crown and Cane Gal Infection is through cane or crown injuries or contaminated rootstock. Symptoms are small rough areas of gall tissue; galls can cause canes to split open resulting in reduced vigor and stunting. Blackberries Crown and Cane Gall Blackberries especially sensitive to disease. Infection is through cane or crown injuries or contaminated rootstock.
Symptoms are small rough areas of gall tissue; galls can cause canes to split open. Plants infected with Tomato Ringspot exhibit poor vigor and shoot dieback. Fruit quality and yield are severely reduced. High concentrations of feeding nematodes can cause roots to deform and swell. Strawberries Deer Feeding by deer can delay maturity, reduce yield, have a negative impact on growth and, in severe cases, cause death of the young strawberries. Blueberries Deer Feeds on foliage, twigs, buds, and fruit, which can delay maturity, reduce yield, have a negative impact on growth and, in severe cases, cause death of the young blueberry plant.
Blackberries Downy Mildew Fungus is especially problematic in Boysenberries It overwinters primarily as a systemic infection of canes, crowns, roots, and buds. The disease cycle starts in spring with infected shoots from infected root, crown, and cane buds.
Individual druplets become shrivelled, dry and hard. Fruit may have small dry, scabby looking lesions on green, red, and black druplet. Raspberries Earwig, European common Can be harvest contaminants, particularly if rain just prior to harvest or when harvest conditions wet. Can also cause superficial leaf damage from feeding. Blackberries Earwig, European common Can be harvest contaminants, particularly if rain just prior to harvest or when harvest conditions wet.
Live in soil feeding on fine roots and organic matter. Exceptionally injurious to young plants. Symptoms of low vigor and weak growth can show between April and June. Blueberries Godronia Canker New infections appear as small reddish-brown areas around buds and wounds. As cankers enlarge, their centers turn gray and their margins remain reddish to dark brown.
Strawberries Leaf Scorch Small, dark purple spots develop on upper leaf surfaces and remain dark purple. If numerous, spots run together, and leaves appear scorched. Blueberries Leafroller, Orange Tortrix Larvae occasionally causes damage by feeding on developing buds.
If numerous during harvest, has potential to be a fruit contaminant.
CAES: Blueberry (Vaccinium)
Raspberries Leafroller, Orange Tortrix Larvae are light brown to yellow green with a brown head and can be a major harvest contaminant. Rolled leaves webbed together indicate presence of larvae. Adult moths are tan or gray with darker mottling on the forewings. Three or four overlapping generations per year. Blackberries Leafroller, Orange Tortrix Larvae are light brown to yellow green with a brown head and can be a major harvest contaminant.
Blackberries Leafrollers, Obliquebanded Larvae are a potential contaminant in harvested fruit. When disturbed, they wiggle backwards and drop to the ground on a silken thread. Adult moths have dark brown bands running at oblique angles across their wings. Raspberries Leafrollers, Obliquebanded Larvae are a potential contaminant in harvested fruit. Blueberries Leafrollers, Obliquebanded Feeds on developing buds and leaves and can reduce yields. Later generations feed directly on berries and can be a harvest contaminant. Larvae overwinters on bushes in the field. Blueberries Lecanium Scale During dormancy, small, yellowish-brown, helmet-shaped scales can be found on stems and branches.
These protect scale eggs that hatch into "crawlers" in the spring. Strawberries Lygus Bugs Adults are 0. They range in color from light green to shades of gray and brown. Nymphs are smaller and wingless. Blackberries Mite, Dryberry Mites are very small, almost invisible to the naked eye. Affected berries turn red, then brown and dry; the whole fruit may be dry or just patches on the fruit. Strawberries Mites, Cyclamen Mites stunt plants and reduce fruit production.
Symptoms are similar to virus symptoms curled, crinkled leaves. Small bumps felt on leaf midvein and petiole can be indicative of mite feeding. Blackberries Mites, Twospotted Spider Spider mite feeding reduces plant vigor and may cause leaves to be mottled, turn brown and drop prematurely. Populations can increase rapidly after harvest through early September. Raspberries Mites, Twospotted Spider Spider mite feeding reduces plant vigor and may cause leaves to be mottled, turn brown and drop prematurely.
Strawberries Mites, Twospotted Spider Adult mites are about 0. They have eight legs and are light tan or greenish in color with a dark spot on each side of their back. In fall and again in spring, overwintering forms appear as bright orange globules. Raspberries Mites, Yellow Spider Mites are about two-thirds the size of Twospotted mites and much paler in color.
They also tend to build up earlier in the season. Feeding reduces plant vigor and may cause leaves to be mottled, turn brown, and drop prematurely. Blueberries Phomopsis Twig Blight Fungus not common in Oregon and Washington overwinters on infected plant debris; infection occurs through flower buds and wounds from budbreak to bloom, causing twig, flower, or shoot dieback.
Blueberries Phytophthora Root Rot Infection can move from the roots to the crown and stems. Infected roots transport water and nutrients poorly, causing small, reddened leaves and overall plant stunting. Raspberries Phytophthora Root Rot. Roots become rotted and lack fibrous roots; canes and leaves on mature plants wilt, turn yellow and die.
Plants may appear to recover, but new roots are often weak and lack lateral development. Blackberries Orange Rust Rare, but extremely serious economically. Fungi systemically infect the plants and floricanes never produce flowers. Can be confused with cane and leaf rust. Strawberries Powdery Mildew Edges of infected leaflets curl up, exposing undersides that often are reddened and coated with a grayish white powdery mildew fungus. Diseased leaves later turn purplish or red.
Raspberries Powdery Mildew The characteristic symptom is a white powdery appearance in blotches on the leaf, cane or tip surface. Blackberries Powdery Mildew In spring, ascospores are the primary inoculum. Severe mildew retards, dwarfs, and distorts plant parts and makes fruit unsalable. Blackberries Purple Blotch During winter and spring, lesions become purple with a red margin. Affected areas develop into cankers and girdle canes. Severely affected canes die in spring.
Larvae causes feeding damage on blooms and fruit. A major crop contaminant during harvest. RBDV is spread by pollen and vectored by bees. Raspberries Raspberry Crown Borer A clearwing moth that resembles a yellowjacket wasp. They feed in early March on cane buds around the plant crown. Second year larvae up to 1 inch long feed in cane bases and can kill attacked canes.
Blackberries Raspberry Crown Borer A clearwing moth that resembles a yellowjacket wasp. Strawberries Red Stele This disease can show up twice during the season: Blossom blight is characterized by petals and pedicels turning brown. Fruit rot expands rapidly near harvest with gray mold over fruit surface. Feeds at base of berry drupelets in spring and summer, which causes persistence of red color at harvest time.
Strawberries Root-leison Nematodes Microscopic worm like animals that feed on roots. Infected plants are dwarfed, off-color, and grow poorly. Raspberries Root-leison Nematodes These are migratory endoparasites; part of the population is in soil and part is in the roots at all times. Raspberries Sawfly Sawfly is a minor pest that can be confused with leafrollers. In late spring, larvae roll leaves and feed on undersides of leaf. Feeding not a problem, but they can be a contaminant in mechanically harvested fields.
Raspberries Slugs Slugs can climb the canes and feed on foliage and berries. Their feeding and slime trails can reduce fruit quality. They can also be a contaminant in the harvested fruit. This 4-legged eriophyid mite is so small that it can be seen only with a microscope.
Eriophyid mites are elongate and conical with their legs all at the broad end along with the mouthparts. Infestations cause distorted flower buds or even stop bud development. Feeding causes the skin of berries to be rough. Mites are present throughout the season. Malathion mixed with ultra-fine horticultural oil, which are among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, sprayed on buds after harvest, may be effective. Blueberry budworm, Rhynchagrotis anchocelioides. This is one of the cutworms that develop in weeds under the bushes.
The larvae may eat fruit buds. Clean cultivation reduces the abundance of bud worms, and cutworm baits have given good control. Blueberry flea beetle, Altica sylvia. It is not common and no control has been required. Blueberry thrips, Frankliniella vaccinii. The small slender thrips attack the plants early in the spring, feeding on terminal leaves.
These leaves remain rolled together and the thrips continue feeding all summer. Spraying with malathion, which is among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, should be effective against these thrips if the spray penetrates the rolled leaves. Cherry fruitworm , Grapholita packardi. This worm is an occasional pest of blueberries, and may be controlled by sprays used for the cranberry fruitworm. Cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii.
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These worms feed on berries, entering at the stem end and cause the fruit to ripen earlier. They migrate from one fruit to another, even after the berries have been harvested. The moths pass the winter in the cocoon stage in nearby weeds and plant debris. In a small planting, picking the easily identified, infested fruit clusters and destroying them can provide control. Also, destroying surrounding weeds and plant debris removes overwintering sites. Among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut are Bacillus thuringiensis Bt and malathion. Sprays of Bt var.
Cranberry rootworm, Rhabdopterus picipes. These small white grubs with a brown head may feed on the roots of blueberries, cranberries, and other bog plants. Bog land may be infested before cultivated plants are set. It feeds on foliage early in the summer. There is one generation a year.
Berry Pest Insects and Diseases
Plowing new land a full year before planting should control infestation. Cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus. These weevils cut into swelling leaf and fruit buds. Eggs are laid in the flowers, and the grubs eat the flower parts. There may be a second generation that feeds on leaves. The adults overwinter in sheltered areas. Clean cultivation and destruction of trash on surrounding land helps reduce the number overwintering. Remove any wild blueberries that are nearby. Spraying or dusting with methoxychlor or malathion, which are among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, just as the buds swell has killed overwintering beetles.
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Datana worm, Datana angusii. This is a relative of the redhumped caterpillar on apple. Since it feeds in colonies, destruction by hand is possible. If abundant, methoxychlor or rotenone sprays or dusts, which are among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, may be used. European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. These larvae may bore in blueberry after migrating from infested weeds. Control is usually unnecessary. This insect feeds not only on corn, but also on other crop plants including potatoes, peppers, and beans , many weeds, and on a variety of other herbaceous plants.
Larvae tunnel in the stems, causing them to break. The larva is pale white or gray with black tubercles and is not more than an inch in length when fully grown. Adults have a wingspread of an inch or so and are buff to brown in color. There are usually two generations annually. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves and the larvae tunnel into stems and pupate in the burrows. Second generation larvae and those of the single generation corn borer overwinter in the stems and pupate in the spring. The parasitic wasp, Trichogramma, has been used for control.
This tiny wasp attacks the egg masses of the corn borer, and the eggs of other caterpillars, too. Be sure to purchase the insects from a reputable supplier and make sure the strain you purchase is known to be well adapted to attacking corn borer. Fall webworm , Hyphantria cunea.
This pest occasionally attacks blueberries. Webworms cause minor foliar damage on apple trees. Caterpillars build a loosely constructed tent on the ends of infested branches. Tents, which usually are most abundant in the northeastern part of the state, are visible in late summer. Summer foliar sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis var. See Pear for additional details of the life history. Several species have been recorded from blueberries. They are seldom abundant enough to require control.
Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar. This pest may also attack blueberry. For a description and life cycle information, see Plum. Control is the same as for the cranberry fruitworm. Putnam scale, Diaspidiotus ancylus. This round scale is the most common attacking blueberries. Damage is worst on older bushes, as well as on older branches within bushes, where scales are protected from spray by rough bark. It may feed on fruit. This scale also occurs on forest trees. Pruning to remove old, heavily infested wood helps keep damage to a minimum.
Dormant sprays using ultra-fine horticultural oil, which is among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, have managed this and other scales. Redhumped caterpiller, Schizura concinna. This pest may also attack blueberries. If control is required, rotenone, which is among the compounds registered for use against this pest in Connecticut, may be used.
Redstriped fire worm, Gelechia trialbamaculella. The young larvae are pale green, and later develop reddish brown stripes. Fully grown larvae are uniform brown in color. They fasten two or three leaves together and feed within.
Spraying with rotenone, which is among the compounds registered for control of this pest in Connecticut, before the leaves are webbed together should be effective against this insect. Sharpnosed leafhopper , Scaphytopius magdalensis. This small leafhopper is a carrier of blueberry stunt. It is rare in Connecticut at present.
Stem borer, Oberea myops.