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Chandler regained his U. After a respite in England, he returned to La Jolla. He died at Scripps Memorial Hospital of pneumonial peripheral vascular shock and prerenal uremia according to the death certificate in Instead, he was buried in Mount Hope, because he had left no funeral or burial instructions. In , Chandler historian Loren Latker, with the assistance of attorney Aissa Wayne daughter of John Wayne , brought a petition to disinter Cissy's remains and reinter them with Chandler in Mount Hope. Whitney entered an order granting Latker's request.

On February 14, , Cissy's ashes were conveyed from Cypress View to Mount Hope and interred under a new grave marker above Chandler's, as they had wished.


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The shared gravestone reads, "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts", a quotation from The Big Sleep. Chandler's original gravestone, placed by Jean Fracasse, is still at the head of his grave; the new one is at the foot. In his introduction to Trouble Is My Business , a collection of four of his short stories, Chandler provided insight on the formula for the detective story and how the pulp magazines differed from previous detective stories:. The emotional basis of the standard detective story was and had always been that murder will out and justice will be done.

Its technical basis was the relative insignificance of everything except the final denouement. What led up to that was more or less passage work. The denouement would justify everything. The technical basis of the Black Mask type of story on the other hand was that the scene outranked the plot, in the sense that a good plot was one which made good scenes. The ideal mystery was one you would read if the end was missing.

We who tried to write it had the same point of view as the film makers. When I first went to Hollywood a very intelligent producer told me that you couldn't make a successful motion picture from a mystery story, because the whole point was a disclosure that took a few seconds of screen time while the audience was reaching for its hat. He was wrong, but only because he was thinking of the wrong kind of mystery. Chandler also described the struggle that writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines:.


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  • As I look back on my stories it would be absurd if I did not wish they had been better. But if they had been much better they would not have been published. If the formula had been a little less rigid, more of the writing of that time might have survived. Some of us tried pretty hard to break out of the formula, but we usually got caught and sent back. To exceed the limits of a formula without destroying it is the dream of every magazine writer who is not a hopeless hack. Critics and writers, including W.

    Yet the detective Philip Marlowe is not a stereotypical tough guy, but a complex, sometimes sentimental man with few friends, who attended university, who speaks some Spanish and sometimes admires Mexicans, and who is a student of chess and classical music. He is a man who refuses a prospective client's fee for a job he considers unethical. The high regard in which Chandler is generally held today is in contrast to the critical sniping that stung the author during his lifetime. In a March letter to Blanche Knopf, published in Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler , he wrote, "The thing that rather gets me down is that when I write something that is tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, I get panned for being tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, and then when I try to tone down a bit and develop the mental and emotional side of a situation, I get panned for leaving out what I was panned for putting in the first time.

    Although his work enjoys general acclaim today, Chandler has been criticized for certain aspects of his writing. The Washington Post reviewer Patrick Anderson described his plots as "rambling at best and incoherent at worst" and criticized Chandler's treatment of black, female, and homosexual characters, calling him a "rather nasty man at times". Chandler's short stories and novels are evocatively written, conveying the time, place and ambiance of Los Angeles and environs in the s and s. Playback is the only one of his novels not to have been cinematically adapted.

    William Faulkner was a co-writer of the screenplay.

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    Chandler's few screenwriting efforts and the cinematic adaptation of his novels proved stylistically and thematically influential on the American film noir genre. Notable for its revised take on both the Marlowe character, transplanting the novel to the s, is Robert Altman 's neo-noir adaptation of The Long Goodbye. Chandler was also a perceptive critic of detective fiction; his essay " The Simple Art of Murder " is the canonical essay in the field.

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this template message. Trouble Is My Business. Vintage Books, , "About the Author".

    Raymond Chandler

    The New York Times. Retrieved June 2, New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 2 December Retrieved 30 December From Philip Marlowe to Jake Lassiter". Retrieved on September 8, Raymond Chandler's Early Prose and Poetry, — University of South Carolina Press.

    The Blue Dahlia screenplay. Carbondale and Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press.


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    • Raymond Chandler's Unknown Thriller unfilmed screenplay for Playback. Dorothy Gardiner and Katherine Sorley Walker, eds. Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved. The World of Raymond Chandler. Hiney, Tom and MacShane, Frank, eds. The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, — A Journal of Detection The Life of Raymond Chandler. Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler. A Literary Reference" New York: Ward, Elizabeth and Alain Silver Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles.

      Works by Raymond Chandler.

      Raymond Chandler I Where to Start?

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