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Fleet commander Hermann Boehm was held responsible and was sacked by Raeder, who also issued orders that ships were to fight until the last shell and either win or sink with their flags flying. The Allies were using Norwegian airfields to transfer aircraft to the Finns fighting against the Soviets in the Winter War , as well as mining Norwegian waters and the Germans were alarmed by these developments.
If the allies were to use Norwegian naval bases or successfully mine Norwegian waters, they could cut off the vital iron ore imports from Sweden and tighten the blockade of Germany. The Allies also had made plans to invade Norway and Sweden in order to cut off the iron ore shipments to Germany.
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Admiral Rolf Carls , commander of the Kriegsmarine in the Baltic sea region, proposed the invasion of Norway to Raeder in September Raeder briefed Hitler on the idea in October, but planning did not begin until December The operation was in low-priority planning until the Altmark Incident , but found a new sense of urgency thereafter.
The invasion proved costly for the Kriegsmarine, losing a heavy cruiser, two of its six light cruisers, 10 of its 20 destroyers and six U-boats. In addition, almost all of the other capital ships were damaged and required dockyard repairs, and for a time the German surface fleet had only three light cruisers and four destroyers operational in the aftermath of the Norwegian Campaign.
The swift victory over France allowed the Kriegsmarine to base itself in ports on France's west coast. This was strategically important as German ships would no longer have to navigate through the dangerous English Channel in order to return to friendly ports, as well as allow them to range farther out into the Atlantic to attack convoys.
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With the surrender of France, Raeder saw the opportunity to greatly enhance the navy's power by confiscating the ships of the French Navy and manning them with his crews. Hitler however, vetoed this idea, afraid that doing so would push the French navy to join the Royal Navy.
Raeder also had bases built at Trondheim, St Nazaire and Lorient. In January , the battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were sent on a successful commerce raiding mission in the Atlantic. On 18 March, Raeder wanted to start firing on US warships even if unprovoked. The original plan was to have the battlecruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhorst involved in the operation, but Scharnhorst was undergoing heavy repairs to her engines, and Gneisenau had just suffered a damaging torpedo hit days before which put her out of action for six months.
In the end only the Bismarck and Prince Eugen were sent out on the mission, which ended with Bismarck's sinking. The debacle almost saw the end of using capital ships against merchant shipping. In late , Raeder planned the "channel dash" which sent the remaining two battleships in the French ports to Germany, for further operations in Norwegian waters. The plan was to threaten the lend-lease convoys to the Soviet Union, to deter an invasion of Norway, and to tie down elements of the Home fleet that might otherwise have been used in the Atlantic against the wolfpacks.
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Raeder had failed to inform Hitler of the battle, which Hitler learned about from the foreign press. Hitler thought the Lutzow and Hipper lacked fighting spirit, according to Albert Speer. Raeder was captured by Soviet troops on June 23, [27] and imprisoned in Moscow.
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At the end of July, he was taken to Nuremberg to stand trial on the counts of: Raeder was found guilty on all the counts [28] and sentenced to life imprisonment. Raeder wrote his autobiography using ghost writers. He enjoyed attending and speaking at veteran meetings. He died in Kiel on 6 November His wife had died in He is buried in the Nordfriedhof North Cemetery , Kiel.
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. To comply with Wikipedia's lead section guidelines , please consider modifying the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points in such a way that it can stand on its own as a concise version of the article. Erich Raeder pre Grand Admiral. Interwar naval service of Erich Raeder. Erich Raeder resignation and later. Inside the Third Reich.
La seconda guerra mondiale, una storia di uomini [ The world war two, a history of men ] in Italian.