Rani Lakshmi Bai successfully saved the kingdom from the armies of the neighboring Rajas of Datia and Orchha who were loyal to British. She was defeated by the Company forces under the command of Sir Hugh Rose. Afterwards Rani with the help of Marathas captured the city of Gwalior.
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She died during the Battle of Gwalior June 17, Bombay was an important place during the Independence movement. The first session of Congress took place in Bombay from December , and it was attended by 72 delegates. Womesh Chandra Banerjee presided over the first session of Congress. Calcutta, also known as the cultural capital of India, remained the center of Indian Nationalism throughout the Independence struggle.
India's Freedom Struggle 1857-1947: A Short History
Many famous poets, writers, social reformers and nationalist were directly or indirectly associated with Calcutta. These great men, through their writings, speeches and work, strengthened the movement for India's freedom. It was the fear of growing 'nationalism' in Calcutta that Britishers had to shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's transformation into Mahatma Gandhi began from the Champaran Satyagraha, which was his first successful mass movement.
Britishers at that time had forced Indian farmers to cultivate Indigo, which was used for dying cloths and not the food crops that was necessary for their survival.
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Cultivation of Indigo further worsened the condition of several poor farmers, many of whom later died of starvation. Raj Kumar Shukla, a money lander, persuaded Gandhi ji to visit Champaran and see the plight of poor farmers. Initially, British crown asked Gandhi to leave Champaran but he refused to do so and he was supported by prominent leaders.
Finally, Champaran Agrarian Law was passed and the Britishers had to lift the ban.
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Champaran Satyagraha was the first successful Satyagraha on Indian soil. British Army Commander Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on crowd of Baishakhi Pilgrims and non-violent protesters, protesting against the arrest of two leaders, Dr. Though he had also brought two Machine Gun armored cars but due to narrow entrance they were left outside. The Bagh had high walls and the main entrance was relatively wide but Dyer had guarded the wall with his troops.
Dyer, without warning the crowd to disperse, ordered his troops to fire. Firing continued for nearly 10 minutes and it was stopped when ammunition supplies were exhausted. Approximately round were fired on innocent crowd leading to deaths and wounded British Government data.
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Other sources including Indian National Congress estimated the death count to be and more. The Jallianwala Bagh incident is regarded as a turning point in the freedom movement. Chauri Chaura is a small town in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. It is famous for the Chauri Chaura Incident, in which the police first killed several peaceful demonstrators and, later an angry mob set an entire police station on fire thereby killing 22 policemen. Its aim was to resist British Rule in India through non-violence and Satyagraha.
However, after Chauri Chaura incident, Gandhi called off the movement because he thought that the movement had lost its non-violent nature. Gandhi was criticised for calling off the movement and many leaders who backed Gandhi now lost faith in him. Kakori is a small town situated in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh. This place is famous for Kakori Conspiracy that took place on August 9, Indian revolutionaries required money to carry out their activities and to win people's support for Hindustan Republican Association. They looted the train carrying money-bags belonging to the British Government Treasury.
They looted some 8, INR but accidently killed one passenger making it a murder case.
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This incident shook the British Government as it was first case in the history when British property was looted. A massive manhunt was ordered and over a period of time nearly 40 revolutionaries were arrested. Remaining conspirators were given life sentences for varying durations. City of Lahore was one of the important centers of Independence movement. The religion and the caste system which formed the firm foundation of the traditional Indian society was endangered by the British administration.
The Indian soldiers as well as people in administration could not rise in hierarchy as the senior jobs were reserved for the Europeans. Thus, there was all-round discontent and disgust against the British rule, which burst out in a revolt by the 'sepoys' at Meerut whose religious sentiments were offended when they were given new cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, whose covering had to be stripped out by biting with the mouth before using them in rifles.
The Hindu as well as the Muslim soldiers, who refused to use such cartridges, were arrested which resulted in a revolt by their fellow soldiers on May 9, The rebel forces soon captured Delhi and the revolt spread to a wider area and there was uprising in almost all parts of the country. Rani Lakshmibai was proclaimed the ruler of Jhansi who led her troops in the heroic battles with the British.
The Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs and all the other brave sons of India fought shoulder to shoulder to throw out the British. The revolt was controlled by the British within one year, it began from Meerut on 10 May and ended in Gwalior on 20 June The information presently available in this section is not exhaustive.
Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-1947)
We are in the process of adding more information to this section. You can use the ' Feedback ' Option to give your suggestions for further enhancement. Last Updated till December 9, Skip to main content Skip to navigation Accessibility Options. One of the 30 special trains leaving New Delhi station which took Pakistan government staff to Karachi. Muslim League guards stand to attention in honour of the departure. The burned-out Hall Bazaar shopping street after communal riots in Amritsar during Partition.
Fighting took place between the city's Muslim population around 50 per cent , anxious for Amritsar to be incorporated into Pakistan, and the other, Sikh and Hindu, half of the inhabitants, who supported incorporation with India. NewsApp Free Read news as it happens Available on. Please click on the images for high-resolution photos. Bhanwal wins historic back-to-back medals North Korea agrees to shut missile site, says Moon Why is Harsh hanging out with gold medallist Arpinder?